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This book is an update of the first BACC assessment, published in 2008. It offers new and updated scientific findings in regional climate research for the Baltic Sea basin. These include climate changes since the last glaciation (approx. 12,000 years ago), changes in the recent past (the last 200 years), climate projections up until 2100 using state-of-the-art regional climate models and an assessment of climate-change impacts on terrestrial, freshwater and marine ecosystems. There are dedicated new chapters on sea-level rise, coastal erosion and impacts on urban areas. A new set of chapters deals with possible causes of regional climate change along with the global effects of increased greenhouse gas concentrations, namely atmospheric aerosols and land-cover change. The evidence collected and presented in this book shows that the regional climate has already started to change and this is expected to continue. Projections of potential future climates show that the region will probably become considerably warmer and wetter in some parts, but dryer in others. Terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems have already shown adjustments to increased temperatures and are expected to undergo further changes in the near future. The BACC II Author Team consists of 141 scientists from 12 countries, covering various disciplines related to climate research and related impacts. BACC II is a project of the Baltic Earth research network and contributes to the World Climate Research Programme.

Earth Sciences. --- Earth System Sciences. --- Atmospheric Sciences. --- Geography. --- Géographie --- Geography --- Earth & Environmental Sciences --- Physical Geography --- Climatic changes --- Changes, Climatic --- Climate change --- Climate changes --- Climate variations --- Climatic change --- Climatic fluctuations --- Climatic variations --- Global climate changes --- Global climatic changes --- Environmental aspects --- Earth sciences. --- Physical geography. --- Atmospheric sciences. --- Climatology --- Climate change mitigation --- Teleconnections (Climatology) --- Changes in climate --- Climate change science --- Sciences --- Baltic sea --- Atmospheric sciences --- Earth sciences --- Atmosphere --- Natural science --- Science of science --- Baltiĭskoe more --- Baltiskoye more --- Baltiyskoye more --- East Sea (Europe) --- Mare Suevicum --- Ostsee (Europe) --- Natural sciences --- Behavioral/Experimental Economics --- Human Resource Management --- Project Management --- Software Management --- Behavioral Economics --- Management --- IT in Business --- time predictions --- human judgement --- overoptimism --- uncertainty --- open acces --- Behavioural economics --- Personnel & human resources management --- Business mathematics & systems --- Business applications --- Behavioral economics. --- Personnel management. --- Project management. --- Management information systems. --- Behavioral/Experimental Economics. --- Human Resource Management. --- Project Management. --- Software Management.