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"Essences have been assigned important but controversial explanatory roles in philosophical, scientific, and social theorizing. Is it possible for the same organism to be first a caterpillar and then a butterfly? Is it impossible for a human being to transform into an insect like Gregor Samsa does in Kafka's The Metamorphosis? Is it impossible for Lot's wife to survive being turned into a pillar of salt? Traditionally, essences (or natures) have been thought to help answer such central questions about existence, identity, persistence, and modality. These questions are not only of great philosophical interest, they also are of great interest to society at large. This Handbook surveys the state of the art on essence. Core issues about essence are discussed in 33 chapters, all of them written exclusively for this volume by leading experts. They are organized into the following four major parts, each with its own introduction that provides a summary and comparison of the part's chapters: History Essence and Essentialisms: Themes and Variations Applications Anti-Essentialist Challenges. The volume is accessible enough for students while also providing enough details to make it a valuable reference for researchers. While the notion of essence has been targeted for sustained criticisms since antiquity, recent work has renewed interest in the topic. The Handbook explains and synthesizes much of this current interest, placing essence within its historical context and drawing connections to many contemporary areas of philosophy as well as to scholarly work in other disciplines. With cross-references in each chapter and a comprehensive index, The Routledge Handbook of Essence in Philosophy is a useful resource and essential reading for anyone, whether in or out of academic philosophy, seeking clarification on one of philosophy's most distinctive and notorious notions"--

Essentialism (Philosophy) --- Essence (philosophie)

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Ontologie. --- Essence (philosophie) --- Subjectivité. --- Autrui. --- Scandinavian literature

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Existentialism --- Essentialism (Philosophy) --- Existentialisme --- Essence (Philosophie)

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Ontologie --- Essence (Philosophie) --- Essentialism (Philosophy) --- Ontology --- Subjectivité --- Autrui

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L’individu, imaginé comme une entité unique et irremplaçable, n’existe pas. Mais alors, qu’est-ce qu’un individu ? Loin d’être une substance unique et permanente, il est plutôt constitué d’une constellation variable de « traits », c’est-à-dire de déterminations à la fois singulières et communes — à l’image d’un sourire ou d’un trait expressif susceptible de se répéter sur plusieurs visages. Pour soutenir cette thèse audacieuse contre une certaine célébration mystique de la singularité insubstituable, Paolo Godani utilise les ressources traditionnelles de la métaphysique et les instruments de précision de la philosophie analytique contemporaine, dans une perspective réaliste. Il procède ainsi à une élucidation des concepts d’individu, d’essence, de singulier, tout en s’attachant aux situations où ces questions acquièrent une portée concrète, qu’il s’agisse du désir ou de l’amour, de l’enfance ou de la mort.

Individu (métaphysique) --- Essence (philosophie) --- Individuation (Philosophy) --- Essentialism (Philosophy) --- Originality.