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The customary path to achievement in early China was through service to the state, but from the earliest times certain individuals became known as 'hidden men' (yinshi), 'disengaged persons' (yimin), 'high-minded men' (gaoshi), or 'scholars-at-home' (chushi) for repudiating an official career. By the sixth century reclusion had taken on its enduring character and this book traces the formulation and portrayal of the practice. These men embodied a strength of character, maintaining their resolve, integrity, and their moral and personal values in the face of adversity, threat, or temptation. This book reveals the variety of motivations for reclusion, and differentiates them from those of the intelligentsia who occasionally voiced a desire for disengagement, but nevertheless found or retained their places in government office. Throughout, the author places the recluse and reclusion within the social, political, intellectual, religious, and literary contexts of the times.

Recluses --- History --- China --- Intellectual life. --- Politics and government --- S02/0210 --- S12/0210 --- China: General works--Intellectuals: general and before 1840 --- China: Philosophy and Classics--Special philosophical subjects --- Eccentrics and eccentricities --- Hermits --- Intellectual life --- 15.75 history of Asia. --- Geschichte 221 v. Chr.-960. --- Intellektueller. --- Politics and government. --- Reclus --- Recluses. --- Zurückgezogenheit. --- 200-300. --- 300-400. --- 400-500. --- 500-600. --- To 1500. --- China. --- Chine --- History. --- Politique et gouvernement --- Vie intellectuelle --- Vie intellectuelle. --- 221 av. j.c.-960