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"In psychology there are many fruitful modes of analysis, and human nature is so complex that every possible way of studying it should be welcomed. Our own approach, which was described in the introduction to the first volume of our report, Studies in Deceit, requires the isolation of certain types of behavior, so far as these are exhibited in intelligent response to certain types of situations, for the purpose of discovering functional tendencies and their interrelations. In schematic form, the objects of our study described in Volume I are as follows: (1) Mental contents and skills--the so-called intellectual factors, (2) Desires, opinions, attitudes, motives--the so-called dynamic factors, (3) Social behavior--the performance factors, and (4) Self-control--the relation of these factors to one another and to social-self-integration. The fourth item represents the concrete reality which we hope to understand better from our study of the first three groups of facts. The present volume sets forth the methods and results of our investigation of two other types of behavior, each of which, as in the case of deceit, ranges theoretically from a condition of unsatisfactory adjustment to one of satisfactory adjustment. The first couplet, which we have for convenience called "service," contrasts work for self and work for others. The second couplet, for which we now use the term "self-control" in a special sense, contrasts the tendency to continue an approved act with resistance to the tendency to engage in an interesting but disapproved act. As we proceed various names will be attached to these behaviors, and they will be described in detail. We may refer to them tentatively as cooperation, charity, persistence, and inhibition"--
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Our longitudinal findings are in line with published research describing current adolescence as a dynamic stage of life during which an individual‟s personal participation or influence on his or her development sharply increases. This leads, amongst other things, to higher variability of developmental changes and to an erosion of some stereotypes about the psychological and social life of adolescents. The respondents of the Brno longitudinal study (ELSPAC) represent a new generation of Czech adolescents. They were born in the time of turbulent social changes when political, economic and cultural conditions were significantly changing bringing along shifts in lifestyles, social norms and values of all generations including the parents of current adolescents. It can be hypothesised this society-wide change partially moderated the traditional inter generational conflict between adolescents and adults. We can speculate that the adults, not only the adolescents, partially spent the past two decades searching for a new personal and social identity (e.g. career changes, social security decrease, increase in personal freedom and responsibility of own life course). What was appreciated in the beginning of the 1990s as new possibilities – e.g. freedom in opinions and attitudes, opportunity to attain quality education, foreign travel, opportunities for self-actualisation etc. – is perceived as commonplace by today‟s adolescents.
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"A century of progress! The name is certainly appropriate for the last hundred years, especially in the fields of science and invention. The more you learn of the recent progress of science, the more impressed and even thrilled you become; and the more you reflect on our modern improvements the more you are amazed at the distance we have come in this short span of a mere one hundred years. And the end is not in sight. Science and invention are advancing at a more rapid pace than ever, and so accustomed have we grown to this advance that we fully expect to see it continue. We are less attached to the old ways than we used to be and more willing to adopt new ways and new ideas. To call a person progressive nowadays is to praise him, and the same with a town, a nation, or a century; for progress has become one of our great ideals. How then can anyone venture to raise the question whether progress is good for us? This book discusses adjustment and mastery in individuals"--Introduction. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2014 APA, all rights reserved).
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