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This text addresses the central problem in anthropological theory of the late 1990s - the paradox that humans are both products of social discipline and creators of remarkable improvisation. Synthesizing theoretical contributions by Vygotsky, Bakhtin, and Bourdieu, the authors examine the processes by which people create, as well as enact, culturally scripted worlds and their places within them with their caring about the effects of their actions. They emphasize throughout that "identities" are not static but variable and interactive. The ethnographic illumination of this complex theoretical construction comes from vividly described fieldwork in vastly different microcultures: American college women entangled in romance; patients in US mental health facilities; Alcoholics Anonymous members; and women in patriarchal Hindu villages in central Nepal.

Identité (psychologie) --- Agent (philosophie) --- Culture

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Logic --- Philosophy of science --- Hommes --- Action (Philosophie) --- Agent (Philosophie) --- Raisonnement

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Ces essais de Donald Davidson analysent les conditions sous lesquelles le comportement d'un agent peut être considéré comme rationnel et les sources possibles de certains comportements irrationnels. L'un des " paradoxes " de l'irrationalité est qu'on ne peut juger un être comme irrationnel qu'à condition de lui attribuer la rationalité dans une large mesure. Davidson discute ainsi de l'attribution de croyances aux animaux, et des situations de " self deception " ou d'incohérence cognitive, en tentant de renouveler l'analyse philosophique de certains problèmes que l'on a souvent tendance à considérer comme du seul ressort de la psychopathologie et de la psychanalyse.

Philosophical anthropology --- Irrationalism (Philosophy) --- Deception. --- Animal psychology. --- Irrationalisme (Philosophie) --- Tromperie --- Psychologie animale --- Raison. --- Irrationalisme. --- Rationalité. --- Agent (philosophie). --- Rationalité. --- Agent (philosophie)

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Human-animal relationships --- Animals (Philosophy) --- Agent (Philosophy) --- Agent (philosophie) --- Relations homme-animal --- Animalité (philosophie) --- History. --- Histoire.

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Agent (Philosophy) --- Power (Social sciences) --- Social structure --- Agent (Philosophie) --- Pouvoir (Sciences sociales) --- Structure sociale --- Giddens, Anthony