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L'ouvrage réalise une analyse pluridisciplinaire d'une institution devenue incontournable sur le territoire de l'Union européenne. L'accroissement des missions confiées à la Banque centrale européenne suscite de nombreuses interrogations. Le présent ouvrage a pour ambition d'y apporter des réponses, articulées sur trois axes. Le premier axe de recherche porte sur une analyse de la légitimité de l'action de la Banque centrale européenne. D'un point de vue juridique, mais également sous l'angle de la démocratie et des sciences politiques, le développement de ses prérogatives est discutable, tant cette évolution paraît très éloignée des prévisions du traité sur le fonctionnement de l'Union européenne et, avant lui, le traité instituant la Communauté européenne. Rien dans les textes ne laissait envisager la transformation actuelle du rôle de la Banque centrale européenne. Le deuxième axe de cette analyse porte sur l'efficacité de l'action de la Banque centrale européenne. Là encore, le constat est tout aussi nuancé que le précédent, tant l'action de la Banque centrale européenne est parfois en décalage par rapport aux besoins de l'économie réelle. L'influence relative du discours des banquiers centraux sur les marchés et l'analyse de l'efficacité de la politique monétaire montrent d'ailleurs qu'en dépit de ses nombreux pouvoirs la Banque centrale européenne n'atteint pas toujours ses objectifs. Le troisième axe de recherche concerne les relations entre la Banque centrale européenne et les autorités de surveillance de la sphère financière. En ce domaine, la mainmise de la Banque centrale européenne apparaît totale.

Economic law --- European law --- European Central Bank --- Banks and banking, Central --- Banques centrales --- Union économique et monétaire --- Union bancaire européenne --- Banque centrale européenne --- monetair beleid --- economie --- banque centrale europeenne --- BPB1612 --- STRADALEX --- Politique monétaire unique --- T05 Banques centrales & BCE - Centrale banken & ECB --- politique monétaire --- europese centrale bank --- Europese centrale bank --- Uniek monetair beleid --- E-books --- economie. --- BPB1612. --- STRADALEX. --- politique monétaire. --- europese centrale bank. --- Monetair beleid --- Economie. --- Banque centrale europeenne --- EPUB-ALPHA-B EPUB-LIV-FT LIVDROIT STRADA-B --- Congresses --- Banking --- Law and legislation --- European Union countries --- European Central Bank. --- Union économique et monétaire. --- uniek monetair beleid --- política monetária única --- yhtenäinen rahapolitiikka --- jednotná menová politika --- politikë monetare e vetme --- ühtne rahapoliitika --- egységes monetáris politika --- bendra pinigų politika --- fælles monetær politik --- јединствена монетарна политика --- jednotná měnová politika --- vienota monetārā politika --- единствена монетарна политика --- politica monetaria unica --- единна валутна политика --- single monetary policy --- ενιαία νομισματική πολιτική --- enhetlig monetär politik --- jedinstvena monetarna politika --- einheitliche Währungspolitik --- politică monetară unică --- política monetaria única --- jednolita polityka walutowa --- politika monetarja unika --- enotna monetarna politika --- единствена валута --- Europese Centrale Bank --- Banco Central Europeu --- Европска централна банка --- Ευρωπαϊκή Κεντρική Τράπεζα --- Europos Centrinis Bankas --- il-Bank Ċentrali Ewropew --- Európska centrálna banka --- Banca centrale europea --- Den Europæiske Centralbank --- An Banc Ceannais Eorpach --- Banka Qendrore Europiane --- Europäische Zentralbank --- Europska središnja banka --- Европейска централна банка --- Europejski Bank Centralny --- Euroopa Keskpank --- Eiropas Centrālā banka --- Európai Központi Bank --- Evropska centralna banka --- Banco Central Europeo --- Banca Centrală Europeană --- Europeiska centralbanken --- Euroopan keskuspankki --- Evropská centrální banka --- EZB --- EKT --- ECB --- Evropská ústřední banka --- EBC --- EKP --- EKB --- ústřední banka --- BĊE --- BQE --- ЕЦБ --- Europos centrinis bankas --- BCE --- beartas aonair airgeadaíochta --- Union économique et monétaire. --- Union bancaire européenne --- Banque centrale européenne --- Union bancaire européenne. --- Banque centrale européenne. --- Politique monétaire unique

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Money. Monetary policy --- European Union --- Monetary policy --- Politique monétaire --- European Central Bank --- Banks and banking, Central --- Euro. --- European Central Bank. --- -Monetary policy --- -336.7 --- (4) Europa --- (4-67EU) EU --- 336.7 monetair beleid --- 336.74.01 --- P4 --- BPB1107 --- Banque centrale européenne --- 336.74 --- Europese Unie --- banque centrale europeenne --- politique monetaire --- EEC / European Union - EU -Europese Unie - Union Européenne - UE --- 334.151.21 --- 333.111.0 --- 333.820 --- 334.151.1 --- T05 Banques centrales & BCE - Centrale banken & ECB --- Economische Monetaire Unie --- Europese Centrale Bank --- Centrale banken --- E110390.jpg --- 332.494 --- Ue5.2.d --- Monetary management --- Economic policy --- Currency boards --- Money supply --- Electronic information resources --- Geldwezen. Kredietwezen. Bankwezen. Financiën. Monetaire economie. Beurswezen --- monetaire politiek - monetair beleid --- Europa --- Monetair beleid --- Europese centrale bank --- Geld. Monetaire politiek --- europese centrale bank --- monetair beleid --- Europese centrale bank. ESCB. Centrale banken. --- Algemeenheden. Theoretische en beschrijvende studies. Centrale banken. --- Geldbeleid, bankbeleid en kredietbeleid: algemeenheden. --- EG : economisch en monetair beleid. --- Geld. Valuta --- -Economic and Monetary Union. --- Economic and Monetary Union --- -ECB --- Banque centrale européenne --- BCE --- Banco Central Europeo --- Banca centrale europea --- Europäische Zentralbank --- Európska centrálna banka --- EMU --- WWU --- Europäische Wirtschafts- und Währungsunion --- Unión Económica y Monetaria Europea --- Oikonomikē kai Nomismatikē Henōsē --- ONE --- European Monetary Union --- Talous- ja rahaliitto --- Unione monetaria --- Euroopan talous- ja rahaliitto --- Rahaliitto --- European Economic and Monetary Union --- UME --- Unione monetaria europea --- EWWU --- Unión Monetaria Europea --- Ekonomiska och monetära unionen --- Union monétaire européenne --- Union économique et monétaire européenne --- UEM --- Unia Gospodarcza i Walutowa --- Electronic information resources. --- -332.494 --- Economic and Monetary Union. --- ECB --- E-books --- -Electronic information resources. --- Politique monétaire --- Euro --- 336.7 --- Money --- Algemeenheden. Theoretische en beschrijvende studies. Centrale banken --- Geldbeleid, bankbeleid en kredietbeleid: algemeenheden --- EG : economisch en monetair beleid --- Europese centrale bank. ESCB. Centrale banken --- EZB --- Banco Central Europeu --- Европска централна банка --- Ευρωπαϊκή Κεντρική Τράπεζα --- Europos Centrinis Bankas --- il-Bank Ċentrali Ewropew --- Európska centrálna banka --- Den Europæiske Centralbank --- An Banc Ceannais Eorpach --- Banka Qendrore Europiane --- Europäische Zentralbank --- Europska središnja banka --- Европейска централна банка --- Europejski Bank Centralny --- Euroopa Keskpank --- Eiropas Centrālā banka --- Európai Központi Bank --- Evropska centralna banka --- Banca Centrală Europeană --- Europeiska centralbanken --- Euroopan keskuspankki --- Evropská centrální banka --- EKT --- Evropská ústřední banka --- EBC --- EKP --- EKB --- ústřední banka --- BĊE --- BQE --- ЕЦБ --- Europos centrinis bankas --- política monetaria --- νομισματική πολιτική --- politică monetară --- měnová politika --- menová politika --- rahapolitiikka --- pinigų politika --- Geldpolitik --- política monetária --- monetary policy --- monetārā politika --- rahapoliitika --- валутна политика --- penningpolitik --- monetarna politika --- монетарна политика --- polityka walutowa --- monetær politik --- politica monetaria --- politika monetarja --- monetáris politika --- politikë monetare --- currency reform --- monetární politika --- monetaire stabiliteit --- menová situácia --- νομισματική μεταρρύθμιση --- pinigų reforma --- situazione monetaria --- naudas politika --- monetáris helyzet --- měnová situace --- menová reforma --- currency situation --- situação monetária --- situación monetaria --- money policy --- valuuttatilanne --- situatë valutore --- reformă monetară --- penningreform --- νομισματική κατάσταση --- Währungspolitik --- Währungslage --- riforma monetaria --- monetáris reform --- monetarinė politika --- peňažná politika --- reformë valutore --- reforma monetária --- valuutareform --- valuutasituatsioon --- situație monetară --- novčarska politika --- pénzpolitika --- situation monétaire --- pénzreform --- rahareform --- réforme monétaire --- novčana politika --- valūtas reforma --- Geld- und Kreditpolitik --- reforma monetaria --- stabilità monetaria --- монетарна реформа --- Währungsreform --- monetaire situatie --- politika e parasë --- monetaarpoliitika --- monetaire hervorming --- piniginė padėtis --- valuuttauudistus --- měnová reforma --- monetär situation --- beartas airgeadaíochta

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Our ‘Tale of Two Decades’ is largely a tale of ‘two regimes’: one—stretching slightly beyond the ECB’s mid-point—marked by decent growth in real incomes and a distribution of shocks to inflation almost universally to the upside; and the second—starting well into the post-Lehman period—characterized by endemic instability and crisis, with the distribution of shocks eventually switching from inflationary to continuously disinflationary. We show how the most defining feature of the ECB’s monetary policy framework, its characteristic definition of price stability with a hard 2 per cent ceiling, functioned as a key shock absorber in the relatively high-inflation years prior to the crisis, but offered a softer defence in the face of the disinflationary forces that hit the euro area in its aftermath. The imperative to halt persistent disinflation in the post-crisis era therefore called for a radical, unprecedented policy response, comprising negative policy rates, enhanced forms of forward guidance, a large asset purchase programme and targeted long-term loans to banks. We study the multidimensional interactions among these four instruments and quantify their impact on inflation and the macroeconomy.

Monetary policy. --- Financial crises. --- European Central Bank. --- Europese Centrale Bank --- inflatie --- deflatie --- monetair beleid --- política monetaria --- politique monétaire --- νομισματική πολιτική --- politică monetară --- měnová politika --- menová politika --- rahapolitiikka --- pinigų politika --- Geldpolitik --- política monetária --- monetary policy --- monetārā politika --- rahapoliitika --- валутна политика --- penningpolitik --- monetarna politika --- монетарна политика --- polityka walutowa --- monetær politik --- politica monetaria --- politika monetarja --- monetáris politika --- politikë monetare --- currency reform --- monetární politika --- monetaire stabiliteit --- menová situácia --- νομισματική μεταρρύθμιση --- pinigų reforma --- situazione monetaria --- naudas politika --- monetáris helyzet --- měnová situace --- menová reforma --- currency situation --- situação monetária --- situación monetaria --- money policy --- valuuttatilanne --- situatë valutore --- reformă monetară --- penningreform --- νομισματική κατάσταση --- Währungspolitik --- Währungslage --- riforma monetaria --- monetáris reform --- monetarinė politika --- peňažná politika --- reformë valutore --- reforma monetária --- valuutareform --- valuutasituatsioon --- situație monetară --- novčarska politika --- pénzpolitika --- situation monétaire --- pénzreform --- rahareform --- réforme monétaire --- novčana politika --- valūtas reforma --- Geld- und Kreditpolitik --- reforma monetaria --- stabilità monetaria --- монетарна реформа --- Währungsreform --- monetaire situatie --- politika e parasë --- monetaarpoliitika --- monetaire hervorming --- piniginė padėtis --- valuuttauudistus --- měnová reforma --- monetär situation --- deflazzjoni --- deflácia --- дефлация --- дефлација --- díbhoilsciú --- deflacija --- déflation --- deflace --- deflazione --- deflație --- Deflation --- deflation --- deflacion --- αντιπληθωρισμός --- deflaatio --- deflācija --- deflação --- defliacija --- deflación --- defláció --- deflatsioon --- deflacja --- deflációs politika --- deflationistische Politik --- politica deflazionistica --- deflationspolitik --- дефлациска политика --- politique déflationniste --- αντιπληθωριστική πολιτική --- política deflacionista --- defliacinė politika --- gap deflazionistico --- politică deflaționistă --- deflācijas politika --- дефлациски тенденции --- deflaatiopolitiikka --- recessione --- deflatsioonipoliitika --- stagnazione --- politikë deflacioniste --- deflační politika --- deflatoire politiek --- deflačná politika --- deflationary policy --- инфлација --- inflacion --- inflācija --- boilsciú --- inflație --- πληθωρισμός --- inflación --- infláció --- инфлация --- inflace --- inflation --- inflacija --- inflazione --- inflaatio --- inflácia --- inflatsioon --- Inflation --- infliacija --- inflação --- inflacja --- inflazzjoni --- stopa inflacije --- stagflacija --- estagflação --- taux d'inflation --- míra inflace --- stagflācija --- stagflatie --- inflācijas līmenis --- tasso d'inflazione --- boilsciú praghsanna --- stagflace --- norma e inflacionit --- rate of inflation --- stagfliacija --- lotta all'inflazione --- stagnace spojená s inflací --- taxa de inflação --- inflationsbekämpning --- inflationstakt --- стагфлација --- lucha contra la inflación --- пад на вредноста на валутата --- stagflatsioon --- võitlus inflatsiooniga --- antiinflacijska politika --- inflatiebestrijding --- infláció elleni küzdelem --- fight against inflation --- lutte contre l'inflation --- estanflación --- inflationsbekæmpelse --- stagflácia --- stagflazione --- kova su infliacija --- lufta kundër inflacionit --- infliacijos dydis --- staflacion --- inflazione galoppante --- stagfláció --- inflationsrate --- inflatsioonimäär --- politica antinflazionistica --- Stagflation --- znehodnocení peněz --- tasa de inflación --- раст на цените --- boj proti inflaci --- inflatiepeil --- επίπεδο πληθωρισμού --- Bekämpfung der Inflation --- stagflation --- cīņa pret inflāciju --- lupta împotriva inflației --- inflaation torjuminen --- rata inflației --- inflationstryck --- стапка на инфлација --- καταπολέμηση του πληθωρισμού --- miera inflácie --- inflazione da domanda --- stagflaatio --- Inflationsrate --- στασιμοπληθωρισμός --- inflációs ráta --- boj proti inflácii --- хиперинфлација --- luta contra a inflação --- stagflație --- Banco Central Europeu --- Европска централна банка --- European Central Bank --- Ευρωπαϊκή Κεντρική Τράπεζα --- Europos Centrinis Bankas --- il-Bank Ċentrali Ewropew --- Európska centrálna banka --- Banca centrale europea --- Den Europæiske Centralbank --- An Banc Ceannais Eorpach --- Banque centrale européenne --- Banka Qendrore Europiane --- Europäische Zentralbank --- Europska središnja banka --- Европейска централна банка --- Europejski Bank Centralny --- Euroopa Keskpank --- Eiropas Centrālā banka --- Európai Központi Bank --- Evropska centralna banka --- Banco Central Europeo --- Banca Centrală Europeană --- Europeiska centralbanken --- Euroopan keskuspankki --- Evropská centrální banka --- EZB --- EKT --- ECB --- Evropská ústřední banka --- EBC --- EKP --- EKB --- ústřední banka --- BĊE --- BQE --- ЕЦБ --- Europos centrinis bankas --- BCE --- beartas airgeadaíochta --- finances internationales --- internationale finanser --- διεθνή δημοσιονομικά --- finanças internacionais --- međunarodne financije --- finanse międzynarodowe --- tarptautiniai finansai --- меѓународни финансии --- finanze internazionali --- међународне финансије --- kansainvälinen rahoitustoimi --- internationale financiën --- finanzas internacionales --- международни финанси --- finanzi internazzjonali --- financa ndërkombëtare --- Internationale Finanzierung --- internationella finanser --- mezinárodní finance --- medzinárodné financie --- finanțe internaționale --- international finance --- starptautiskās finanses --- mednarodne finance --- nemzetközi pénzügyek --- rahvusvaheline rahandus --- кредитна линија --- airgeadais idirnáisiúnta --- Internationale Finanzierung

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Hommage de l'auteur

BPB1609 --- Banque centrale européenne --- Dette publique --- Union européenne --- Récession économique --- Endettement --- geschiedenis --- banque centrale europeenne --- monnaie --- openbare schuld --- Europese centrale bank --- Overheidsschuld --- Europese unie --- Economische recessie --- Schuldenlast --- histoire --- europese centrale bank --- dette publique --- 331.30 --- Economische toestand. --- Capitalism --- Economics --- Capitalisme --- Economie politique --- European Union countries --- Pays de l'Union européenne --- Economic conditions --- Economic policy --- Conditions économiques --- Politique économique --- E-books --- Pays de l'Union européenne --- Conditions économiques --- Politique économique --- економска рецесија --- rënie ekonomike --- ekonomikas lejupslīde --- recesiune economică --- Rezession --- икономическа рецесия --- ekonomikos nuosmukis --- ekonomska recesija --- economische recessie --- hospodářská recese --- gospodarska recesija --- økonomisk recession --- gazdasági recesszió --- recessione economica --- economic recession --- talouden taantuma --- reċessjoni ekonomika --- recession --- οικονομική ύφεση --- привредна рецесија --- recesión económica --- majanduslangus --- recesja gospodarcza --- recessão económica --- cúlú eacnamaíochta --- hospodárska recesia --- decelerazione della crescita economica --- økonomisk afmatning --- bankovna kriza --- criză economică --- hospodářská deprese --- krizë ekonomike --- ekonominės padėties blogėjimas --- deterioramento dell'economia --- desaceleración de la economía --- zhoršení hospodářství --- deterioração da economia --- détérioration de l'économie --- talouden laskusuhdanne --- crisi economica --- економска криза --- majanduse madalseis --- ekonomisk recession --- forringelse af økonomien --- wirtschaftliche Depression --- lågkonjunktur --- majanduse halvenemine --- gazdasági depresszió --- økonomisk depression --- depresion ekonomik --- hospodářská krize --- lama --- økonomisk krise --- hospodárska kríza --- economische crisis --- verval van de economie --- Verschlechterung der Wirtschaft --- konjunkturální krize --- crise économique --- përkeqësim i ekonomisë --- zastavení hospodářského růstu --- economic crisis --- Konjunkturkrise --- οικονομική καταστροφή --- depresión económica --- ekonominė krizė --- глобална финансиска криза --- deterioration of the economy --- hospodársky pokles --- økonomisk tilbagegang --- economische depressie --- ekonomska depresija --- κατάρρευση της οικονομίας --- majanduskriis --- crise económica --- gazdasági válság --- contracción económica --- lavkonjunktur --- ekonomisk kris --- οικονομική κρίση --- depressão económica --- financijska kriza --- dépression économique --- економска депресија --- ekonomický útlum --- depression --- a gazdaság hanyatlása --- depressione economica --- úpadok hospodárstva --- stagnace --- ekonominis nuosmukis --- talouskriisi --- pokles konjunktury --- crisis económica --- ekonomiskā krīze --- Rückgang der Konjunktur --- economic depression --- försämring av ekonomin --- ekonomisk depression --- Wirtschaftskrise --- επιδείνωση της οικονομίας --- ekonomska kriza --- hanyatló gazdaság --- konjunkturnedgång --- ekonomiskās situācijas pasliktināšanās --- Europese Unie --- Europska unija --- União Europeia --- Ευρωπαϊκή Ένωση --- Európska únia --- Európai Unió --- Europäische Union --- Europos Sąjunga --- Evropská unie --- Европска унија --- Unjoni Ewropea --- Европейски съюз --- Europeiska unionen --- European Union --- Euroopan unioni --- Eiropas Savienība --- Unión Europea --- Evropska unija --- Unia Europejska --- Unione europea --- Uniunea Europeană --- Den Europæiske Union --- Европска Унија --- Euroopa Liit --- an tAontas Eorpach --- Bashkimi Europian --- Sąjungos institucija --- Sąjungos teisė --- právo Únie --- νόμος της Ένωσης --- Savienības tiesības --- wet van de Unie --- legge dell'Unione --- Europæisk Union --- unionslagstiftning --- atto dell'Unione --- AE --- loi de l'Union --- EU --- e drejta e Bashkimit --- ЕУ --- lege a Uniunii Europene --- Union law --- overheidsschuld --- borxhi publik --- javni dug --- fiachas poiblí --- δημόσιο χρέος --- valstybės skola --- offentlig gæld --- dívida pública --- statsskuld --- valsts parāds --- riigivõlg --- veřejný dluh --- javni dolg --- štátny dlh --- dejn pubbliku --- datorie publică --- јавен долг --- öffentliche Schulden --- јавни дуг --- обществен дълг --- deuda pública --- julkinen velka --- államadósság --- public debt --- dług publiczny --- debito pubblico --- státní dluh --- nacionalinė skola --- државен долг --- емисија на јавниот долг --- šalies skola --- задолжување на државата --- valtion velka --- statsgæld --- valitsemissektori võlg --- öffentliche Schuld --- valdības parāds --- government debt --- амортизација на јавниот долг --- debito fluttuante --- vládní dluh --- nacionalni dug --- národný dlh --- nemzeti adósság --- datorie națională --- national debt --- valtionvelka --- vyriausybės skola --- vládny dlh --- debito redimibile --- indebitamento del settore pubblico --- вкупен обем на јавниот долг --- нето јавен долг --- titoli del debito pubblico --- avaliku sektori võlg --- borxh kombëtar --- državni dug --- datorie guvernamentală --- borxh shtetëror --- бруто јавен долг --- národní dluh --- Europese Centrale Bank --- Banco Central Europeu --- Европска централна банка --- European Central Bank --- Ευρωπαϊκή Κεντρική Τράπεζα --- Europos Centrinis Bankas --- il-Bank Ċentrali Ewropew --- Európska centrálna banka --- Banca centrale europea --- Den Europæiske Centralbank --- An Banc Ceannais Eorpach --- Banka Qendrore Europiane --- Europäische Zentralbank --- Europska središnja banka --- Европейска централна банка --- Europejski Bank Centralny --- Euroopa Keskpank --- Eiropas Centrālā banka --- Európai Központi Bank --- Evropska centralna banka --- Banco Central Europeo --- Banca Centrală Europeană --- Europeiska centralbanken --- Euroopan keskuspankki --- Evropská centrální banka --- EZB --- EKT --- ECB --- Evropská ústřední banka --- EBC --- EKP --- EKB --- ústřední banka --- BĊE --- BQE --- ЕЦБ --- Europos centrinis bankas --- BCE --- задолженост --- eladósodás --- endividamento --- velkaantuneisuus --- schuldenlast --- Verschuldung --- zadlženosť --- zadolženost --- gældsætning --- zadluženost --- endeudamiento --- parādsaistības --- võlgnevus --- indebitamento --- gjendje debitore --- zadłużenie --- χρέος --- įsiskolinimas --- indebtedness --- îndatorare --- zaduženost --- skuldsättning --- tidjin --- задуженост --- задълженост --- eladósodottság --- обврски --- zadlužení --- δανεισμός --- Schulden --- Economische toestand --- Banque centrale européenne --- Union européenne --- Récession économique --- cúlú eacnamaíoch --- féichiúnas

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Expectations are high regarding the potential benefits of public–private partnerships (PPPs) for infrastructure development in poor countries. The development community, led by the G20, the United Nations, and others, expects PPPs to help with “transformational” megaprojects as well as efforts to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). But PPPs have been widely used only since the 1990s. The discussion of PPPs is still dominated by best-practice guidance, academic studies that focus on developed countries, or ideological criticism. Meanwhile, practitioners have quietly accumulated a large body of empirical evidence on PPP performance. The purpose of this book is to summarize and consolidate what this critical mass of evidence-based research says about PPPs in low-income countries (LICs) and thereby develop a more realistic perspective on the practical value of these mechanisms. The focus of the book is on Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), home to most of the world’s poorest countries, although insights from other regions and more affluent developing countries are also included. Case studies of many of the best-known PPPs in Africa are used to illustrate these findings. This book demonstrates that PPPs have not met expectations in poor countries, and are only sustainable if many of the original defining characteristics of PPPs are changed. PPPs do have a small but meaningful role to play, but only if expectations remain modest and projects are subject to transparent evaluation and competition. Experiments with PPP mechanisms underway in some countries suggest ways in which PPPs may be evolving to better realize benefits in poor countries.

legitimiteit --- economie --- crisisbeheersing --- democratie --- Raad van de Europese Unie --- Europese Centrale Bank --- Europese Commissie --- Europees Parlement --- hospodářství --- économie --- икономика --- talous --- gospodarka --- economia --- majandus --- hospodárstvo --- ekonomika --- economy --- Wirtschaft --- gazdaság --- økonomi --- οικονομία --- привреда --- gospodarstvo --- економија --- ekonomija --- ekonomi --- economía --- ekonomikos mokslas --- gazdálkodás --- стопанство --- legitimacy --- leģitimitāte --- legitiimsus --- legitimnost --- teisėtumas --- легитимност --- legitimitate --- legittimità --- legitimitás --- leġittimità --- legitimiteetti --- νομιμότητα εξουσίας --- Legitimität --- legitimita --- prawowitość --- legitimitet --- légitimité --- legitimidade --- legitimidad --- legjitimitet --- Unrechtmäßigkeit --- неосновано --- oprávněnost --- illegitimitás --- Rechtmäßigkeit --- vizio di legittimità --- conformità alle norme --- neoprávněnost --- основано --- legittimismo --- неоправдано --- legittimazione --- оправдано --- нелегитимно --- ilegitimita --- illegittimità --- nelegitimnost --- Illegitimität --- An Coimisiún Eorpach --- Comisia Europeană --- Evropska komisija --- Europos Komisija --- Komisioni Europian --- Ευρωπαϊκή Επιτροπή --- Il-Kummissjoni Ewropea --- Komisja Europejska --- Europska komisija --- European Commission --- Európska komisia --- Európai Bizottság --- Comissão Europeia --- Европейска комисия --- Euroopa Komisjon --- Europäische Kommission --- Европска комисија --- Evropská komise --- Comisión Europea --- Commissione europea --- Euroopan komissio --- Eiropas Komisija --- Commission européenne --- Europa-Kommissionen --- Europeiska kommissionen --- CEG --- EBK --- Komisia Európskych spoločenstiev --- Komise ES --- Komise Evropských společenství --- Kommissionen --- Komisija EZ-a --- Il-Kummissjoni tal-Komunitajiet Ewropej --- Euroopa Ühenduste Komisjon --- Komisija Evropskih skupnosti --- EB Komisija --- CCE --- Europos Bendrijų Komisija --- Comisia Comunității Europene --- Comisión CE --- Komisja Wspólnot Europejskich --- Komisija ES --- EKK --- Komision i KE-së --- az EK Bizottsága --- Komisija EU-a --- KES --- Coimisiún na gComhphobal Eorpach --- КЕЗ --- Kommissionen for De Europæiske Fællesskaber --- Комисија на ЕЗ --- Επιτροπή των Ευρωπαϊκών Κοινοτήτων --- EK Komisija --- EG-Kommission --- EY:n komissio --- Komisia ES --- Comissão das Comunidades Europeias --- ΕΕΚ --- Komision i Komuniteteve Europiane --- EF-Kommissionen --- Kommission EG --- Commission of the European Communities --- Комисија на ЕУ --- Επιτροπή ΕΚ --- EG–Commissie --- Комисија ЕЗ --- Commission CE --- Europeiska gemenskapernas kommission --- Comisión de las Comunidades Europeas --- EU Commission --- CEC --- kommissionen --- Euroopan yhteisöjen komissio --- EG-kommissionen --- Commission des Communautés européennes --- Комисија Европских заједница --- EC Commission --- EK --- Kommission der Europäischen Gemeinschaften --- ЕК --- Coimisiún de na Comhphobail Eorpacha --- Comissão CE --- Commissione delle Comunità europee --- Eiropas Kopienu Komisija --- Commissie van de Europese Gemeenschappen --- Commissione CE --- KKE --- az Európai Közösségek Bizottsága --- European Parliament --- Evropski parlament --- Evropský parlament --- Euroopa Parlament --- Parlament Europejski --- Parlement européen --- Europa-Parlamentet --- Európsky parlament --- Ευρωπαϊκό Κοινοβούλιο --- Eiropas Parlaments --- Europäisches Parlament --- Европски парламент --- Euroopan parlamentti --- Parlamento Europeo --- Europski parlament --- il-Parlament Ewropew --- Parlamentul European --- Parlamento Europeu --- Europos Parlamentas --- Europaparlamentet --- Parlamento europeo --- Parlamenti Europian --- Parlaimint na hEorpa --- Európai Parlament --- Европейски парламент --- Europeiska parlamentariska församlingen --- Asamble Parlamentare Europiane --- PE --- EG Parlement --- Euroopan parlamentaarinen edustajakokous --- Euroopa Ühenduste Assamblee --- Európai Parlamenti Közgyűlés --- EP --- Parlament EG --- EG-Parlament --- Európske parlamentné zhromaždenie --- Forsamlingen --- Parlamento delle Comunità europee --- European Assembly --- Europäische Versammlung --- Eurocámara --- ЕП --- Asamble Europiane --- Ευρωκοινοβούλιο --- Europese vergadering --- Assembleia Parlamentar Europeia --- Parlament ES --- Euroopa Ühenduste Parlamentaarne Assamblee --- Asamblea Parlamentaria Europea --- Assemblea parlamentare europea --- Assemblée européenne --- European Parliamentary Assembly --- Asamblea Europea --- Assembleia Europeia --- Eiropas parlamentārā asambleja --- Europäische Parlamentarische Versammlung --- Versammlung EG --- Europska skupština --- Συνέλευση --- Assemblea europea --- Eiropas Asambleja --- Euroopan edustajakokous --- Assemblée parlementaire européenne --- ευρωπαϊκή κοινοβουλευτική συνέλευση --- Európske zhromaždenie --- Europeiska församlingen --- Adunarea Parlamentară Europeană --- Europos Asamblėja --- Ευρωπαϊκή Συνέλευση --- Europarlamento --- Europos Parlamento Asamblėja --- Európai Közgyűlés --- Banco Central Europeu --- Европска централна банка --- European Central Bank --- Ευρωπαϊκή Κεντρική Τράπεζα --- Europos Centrinis Bankas --- il-Bank Ċentrali Ewropew --- Európska centrálna banka --- Banca centrale europea --- Den Europæiske Centralbank --- An Banc Ceannais Eorpach --- Banque centrale européenne --- Banka Qendrore Europiane --- Europäische Zentralbank --- Europska središnja banka --- Европейска централна банка --- Europejski Bank Centralny --- Euroopa Keskpank --- Eiropas Centrālā banka --- Európai Központi Bank --- Evropska centralna banka --- Banco Central Europeo --- Banca Centrală Europeană --- Europeiska centralbanken --- Euroopan keskuspankki --- Evropská centrální banka --- EZB --- EKT --- ECB --- Evropská ústřední banka --- EBC --- EKP --- EKB --- ústřední banka --- BĊE --- BQE --- ЕЦБ --- Europos centrinis bankas --- BCE --- Këshilli i Bashkimit Europian --- Conseil de l'Union européenne --- Europos Sąjungos Taryba --- Савет Европске уније --- Comhairle an Aontais Eorpaigh --- Consiliul Uniunii Europene --- Euroopa Liidu Nõukogu --- Consiglio dell'Unione europea --- Rada Evropské unie --- Совет на Европската Унија --- az Európai Unió Tanácsa --- Vijeće Europske unije --- Svet Evropske unije --- Rat der Europäischen Union --- Euroopan unionin neuvosto --- Consejo de la Unión Europea --- Rådet for Den Europæiske Union --- Rada Unii Europejskiej --- Συμβούλιο της Ευρωπαϊκής Ένωσης --- Council of the European Union --- Rada Európskej únie --- Съвет на Европейския съюз --- il-Kunsill tal-Unjoni Ewropea --- Eiropas Savienības Padome --- Conselho da União Europeia --- Europeiska unionens råd --- Consiglio delle Comunità europee --- Rada ES --- Europese Ministerraad --- ministerrrådet --- Council of the European Communities --- Sąjungos Taryba --- Consejo de la UE --- Rada ministrů EU --- Europos Sąjungos Ministrų Taryba --- Eiropas Ministru padome --- Consiglio dell'Unione --- Conselho da União --- Совет на министри на Европската унија --- Europäischer Ministerrat --- EU Council --- Këshill i BE-së --- European Union Council --- Conseil des Communautés européennes --- Raad van de Unie --- Rada Únie --- az Európai Közösségek Tanácsa --- consiliul Comunităților Europene --- ES Ministrų Taryba --- Rada EU --- Europos Ministrų Taryba --- Savienības Padome --- Consejo de Ministros Europeo --- Rådet for De Europæiske Fællesskaber --- Consiglio dei ministri europeo --- Συμβούλιο των Ευρωπαϊκών Κοινοτήτων --- EG-Ministerrat --- Συμβούλιο των Υπουργών --- EG Ministerraad --- Këshilli i Komuniteteve Europiane --- EU:n neuvosto --- Consejo de las Comunidades Europeas --- Eiropas Kopienu Padome --- Conseil CE --- EÜ Nõukogu --- EL Ministrite Nõukogu --- Consiglio dei ministri CE --- Euroopan ministerineuvosto --- consiliul de miniștri european --- Council of European Ministers --- Consiglio CE --- Rat der Europäischen Gemeinschaften --- Conseil des ministres européen --- EU Ministerraad --- Europos Bendrijų Taryba --- EL Nõukogu --- Совет на министри на ЕУ --- Conseil de l'Union --- Συμβούλιο Υπουργών των ΕΚ --- Raad EG --- rådet --- rådet (EG) --- Euroopan yhteisöjen neuvosto --- Europeiska gemenskapernas råd --- Ministerrådet (EF) --- EB Ministrų Taryba --- Këshill i KE-së --- Rada ministrov ES --- Conselho das Comunidades Europeias --- Këshilli i Bashkimit --- Vijeće EU-a --- Këshill i Ministrave Europianë --- Rat der Union --- EU Miniszterek Tanácsa --- Rada Európskych spoločenstiev --- Rådet --- Совет на ЕУ --- EU Tanács --- az Unió Tanácsa --- EC Council --- Conselho CE --- Rada Evropských společenství --- Euroopa Ühenduste Nõukogu --- Rada unie --- EK Tanács --- EF's Ministerråd --- Συμβούλιο των ΕΚ --- Vijeće EZ-a --- Council of the Union --- Vijeće ministara EU-a --- δημοκρατία --- demokrácia --- demokrātija --- democracia --- demokraatia --- democrazia --- demokracija --- démocratie --- demokratija --- democrație --- democracy --- demokratia --- demokracie --- demokracja --- demokrati --- demokraci --- demokracia --- Demokratie --- demokrazija --- демокрация --- демократија --- politický pluralizmus --- pluralizm polityczny --- πολιτικός πλουραλισμός --- folkstyre --- folkestyre --- politiek pluralisme --- politischer Pluralismus --- politiskais plurālisms --- demokrātiska vienlīdzība --- politikai pluralizmus --- égalité démocratique --- politický pluralismus --- ugwaljanza demokratika --- pluraliżmu politiku --- barazi demokratike --- pluralismo político --- politinis pliuralizmas --- politisk jämlikhet --- демократична равнопоставеност --- igualdad democrática --- democratische gelijkheid --- demokratische Gleichheit --- δημοκρατικό πολίτευμα --- demokraattinen yhdenvertaisuus --- poliittinen pluralismi --- demokratična enakost --- democratic equality --- demokratikus egyenlőség --- pluralisme politique --- politisk mångfald --- demokraatlik võrdsus --- igualdade democrática --- politisk pluralism --- ludowładztwo --- политически плурализъм --- politisk pluralisme --- pluralism politic --- pluralismo politico --- pluralizëm politik --- demokratická rovnost --- politički pluralizam --- uguaglianza democratica --- politični pluralizem --- egalitate democratică --- demokratická rovnosť --- political pluralism --- poliitiline pluralism --- demokratinė lygybė --- политички плурализам --- válságkezelés --- krízové riadenie --- krisestyring --- gestion de crise --- gestione delle crisi --- управљање кризама --- crisis management --- krizové řízení --- gestão de crises --- bainistíocht géarchéime --- krīzes pārvarēšana --- kriisinhallinta --- Krisenmanagement --- upravljanje krizom --- zarządzanie kryzysowe --- справяне с кризи --- maniġġar tal-kriżijiet --- kriisiohjamine --- gestionarea crizelor --- krizno upravljanje --- διαχείριση κρίσεων --- krishantering --- gestión de crisis --- krizių valdymas --- gestione delle emergenze --- hädaolukordade ohjamine --- ārkārtas situācijas pārvaldība --- crisisbeheer --- справяне с извънредни ситуации --- krisehåndtering --- beredskabsstyring --- riadenie núdzových situácií --- emergency management --- krīžu pārvarēšana --- avarijų valdymas --- beheer van noodsituaties --- katasztrófaelhárítás --- gestion des crises --- gestão de emergências --- poikkeustilanteiden hallinta --- válságmenedzsment --- upravljanje u hitnim situacijama --- gestion de situation de crise --- ġestjoni tal-kriżijiet --- zvládání mimořádných událostí --- управљање кризним ситуацијама --- Katastrophen- und Krisenmanagement --- ġestjoni tal-emerġenzi --- ekstremaliųjų situacijų valdymas --- gestion de situation d'urgence --- gestión de emergencias --- hätätilanteiden hallinta --- katastrofehåndtering --- διαχείριση καταστάσεων έκτακτης ανάγκης --- maniġġar tal-emerġenzi --- veszélyhelyzet-kezelés --- upravljanje u kriznim situacijama --- zarządzanie sytuacjami wyjątkowymi --- obvladovanje izrednih razmer --- ārkārtas situāciju pārvaldība --- gestionarea situațiilor de urgență --- Financial crises --- Political aspects --- Parlament Ewropew --- Political systems --- International relations. Foreign policy --- International finance --- European Union --- beredskabsindsats --- реагиране при извънредни ситуации --- odzivanje na izredne razmere --- Sofortmaßnahmen --- beredskab --- emergency response --- hätäapu --- działanie w sytuacji wyjątkowej --- rispons f'każ ta' emerġenza --- katastrofeindsats --- reakce na mimořádné události --- räddningsinsats --- réaction d’urgence --- odgovor na izvanredan događaj --- reaģēšana ārkārtas situācijās --- resposta a emergências --- kriseberedskab --- αντιμετώπιση καταστάσεων έκτακτης ανάγκης --- respons in noodsituaties --- intervenție de urgență --- katastrofberedskap --- reakcia na núdzové situácie --- vészhelyzet-elhárítás --- risposta all'emergenza --- hädaolukordadele reageerimine --- nødberedskab --- respuesta de emergencia --- skubus reagavimas --- geilleagar --- dlisteanacht --- daonlathas --- bainistiú géarchéime --- ūkis --- economic recession --- EU Member State --- euro area --- členský stát EU --- države članice EU-a --- țări ale UE --- Stat Membru tal-UE --- Shtetet Anëtare të BE-së --- EU-tagállam --- państwo członkowskie UE --- État membre UE --- Stato membro UE --- EU-medlemsstat --- štáty EÚ --- Mitgliedstaat der EU --- država članica EU --- земља ЕУ --- Estado-Membro UE --- κράτος μέλος ΕΕ --- ES dalībvalsts --- medlemsstat i EU --- ELi riigid --- EU:n jäsenvaltio --- държави от Европейския съюз --- ES valstybė narė --- EU-lidstaat --- Estado miembro UE --- Ballstát den Aontas Eorpach --- земји членки на ЕУ --- krajiny EÚ --- EG-land --- EK valsts --- země ES --- Mitgliedsland der Europäischen Union --- paese dell'Unione europea --- pays CE --- κράτος μέλος της ΕΕ --- země Evropské unie --- krajiny Európskej únie --- Mitgliedsland der Europäischen Gemeinschaften --- EG-Land --- χώρα ΕΕ --- países CE --- kraje UE --- Euroopan unionin maat --- земји членки на Европската Заедница --- ELi liikmesriik --- država EU --- pays de l'Union européenne --- země Evropských společenství --- EU-Staat --- EK-tagország --- земји од ЕУ --- vend i KE-së --- land i Det Europæiske Fællesskab --- χώρα ΕΚ --- Estado miembro de la UE --- EÜ riik --- paese CE --- EU country --- país UE --- Europos Bendrijos šalis --- ES šalis --- European Community country --- земји од ЕЗ --- ES valsts --- Estado-Membro da União Europeia --- štáty Európskej únie --- ELi riik --- państwo UE --- EG-medlemsstat --- EC country --- Euroopa Liidu riik --- European Union country --- Mitgliedstaat der Europäischen Union --- paese della Comunità europea --- pays UE --- vend i Bashkimit Europian --- země EU --- EU-maat --- EU-ország --- EU-tagország --- land i Europeiska gemenskapen --- zemlje članice EU-a --- país de la UE --- países da União Europeia --- vend i BE-së --- vend i Komunitetit Europian --- land i Europeiska unionen --- EU-stat --- stat membru al Comunității Europene --- EF-land --- stat membru al Uniunii Europene --- EG-stat --- países de la Unión Europea --- az Európai Unió tagállama --- landen van de Europese Gemeenschappen --- krajiny Európskych spoločenstiev --- Europos Sąjungos šalis --- EU:n jäsenmaat --- Euroopa Ühenduse riik --- Eiropas Savienības valsts --- EU-land --- Stato membro dell'UE --- lidstaten van de Europese Unie --- paese UE --- landen van de EG --- EU-Land --- pays de la Communauté européenne --- țări membre ale Comunității Europene --- países de la Comunidad Europea --- EK-tagállam --- land i Den Europæiske Union --- Eiropas Kopienas valstis --- az Európai Közösségek tagállama --- EB šalis --- економска рецесија --- rënie ekonomike --- ekonomikas lejupslīde --- recesiune economică --- Rezession --- икономическа рецесия --- ekonomikos nuosmukis --- ekonomska recesija --- economische recessie --- hospodářská recese --- gospodarska recesija --- økonomisk recession --- gazdasági recesszió --- recessione economica --- cúlú eacnamaíoch --- talouden taantuma --- récession économique --- reċessjoni ekonomika --- recession --- οικονομική ύφεση --- привредна рецесија --- recesión económica --- majanduslangus --- recesja gospodarcza --- recessão económica --- hospodárska recesia --- decelerazione della crescita economica --- økonomisk afmatning --- bankovna kriza --- criză economică --- hospodářská deprese --- krizë ekonomike --- ekonominės padėties blogėjimas --- deterioramento dell'economia --- desaceleración de la economía --- zhoršení hospodářství --- deterioração da economia --- détérioration de l'économie --- talouden laskusuhdanne --- crisi economica --- економска криза --- majanduse madalseis --- ekonomisk recession --- forringelse af økonomien --- wirtschaftliche Depression --- lågkonjunktur --- majanduse halvenemine --- gazdasági depresszió --- økonomisk depression --- depresion ekonomik --- hospodářská krize --- lama --- økonomisk krise --- hospodárska kríza --- economische crisis --- verval van de economie --- Verschlechterung der Wirtschaft --- konjunkturální krize --- crise économique --- përkeqësim i ekonomisë --- zastavení hospodářského růstu --- economic crisis --- Konjunkturkrise --- οικονομική καταστροφή --- depresión económica --- ekonominė krizė --- глобална финансиска криза --- deterioration of the economy --- cúlú eacnamaíochta --- hospodársky pokles --- økonomisk tilbagegang --- economische depressie --- ekonomska depresija --- κατάρρευση της οικονομίας --- majanduskriis --- crise económica --- gazdasági válság --- contracción económica --- lavkonjunktur --- ekonomisk kris --- οικονομική κρίση --- depressão económica --- financijska kriza --- dépression économique --- економска депресија --- ekonomický útlum --- depression --- a gazdaság hanyatlása --- depressione economica --- úpadok hospodárstva --- stagnace --- ekonominis nuosmukis --- talouskriisi --- pokles konjunktury --- crisis económica --- ekonomiskā krīze --- Rückgang der Konjunktur --- economic depression --- försämring av ekonomin --- ekonomisk depression --- Wirtschaftskrise --- επιδείνωση της οικονομίας --- ekonomska kriza --- hanyatló gazdaság --- konjunkturnedgång --- ekonomiskās situācijas pasliktināšanās --- zona e euros --- ζώνη ευρώ --- eurozone --- еврозона --- евро зона --- zone euro --- eurozóna --- an limistéar euro --- żona tal-euro --- eurozona --- strefa euro --- euroområdet --- euroala --- Euro-Währungsgebiet --- еврообласт --- euroövezet --- euro zona --- zonă euro --- zona euro --- euroalue --- euroobmočje --- europodručje --- Euroland --- euroland --- euro-područje --- eurózóna --- eursko područje --- euro-zona --- Euro-Raum --- obszar euro --- područje eura --- żona euro --- evroobmočje --- Euro-Gebiet --- euro-zóna --- Eurolandë --- zona eura --- eurogebied --- área do euro --- euro zóna --- zona del euro --- Euro-Währungsraum --- eurotsoon --- euróövezet --- evrsko območje --- Euro-Zone --- eurótérség --- Euro tėvynė --- Unión Europea --- Política y gobierno --- Países de la Unión Europea --- Politica económica