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George D. Woods, the President of the World Bank, remarked that both investment and trade are basic to economic development, which is the essential preoccupation of the Bank. He suggested that, in approaching its agenda, the aim of this Conference must be nothing less than to make a real start in evolving international trade and development policies which are more adequate than those presently prevailing for stimulating economic growth throughout the developing world. One consideration is whether to seek greater price stability through commodity agreements, or to try to mitigate the effects of price fluctuations through some new form of compensatory financing, or to try some new approach altogether. He earnestly urged that governments re-examine the amount of their pledges to IDA in the light of the pressing investment requirements of the developing countries.

Agricultural Productivity --- Official Development Assistance

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This Systematic Country Diagnostic analysis of growth, structural transformation, poverty reduction, and inclusion suggest that Rwanda will need to target the following outcomes to maintain rapid progress toward poverty reduction and shared prosperity: - a shift to a productivity-led growth through structural transformation, supported by increased agricultural productivity, agglomeration, and rural-to-urban transition; - an increase in the growth elasticity of poverty for inclusive growth by investing in human capital, promoting private entrepreneurship, improving accountability for service delivery, and addressing vulnerability; - increased sustainability through addressing environmental degradation, building resilience to climate change, and maintaining debt sustainability.

Climate Change --- Genocide --- Human Capital --- Official Development Assistance --- Productivity

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Eugene R. Black, President of the World Bank, bid farewell to Robert Garner, who presided over the birth of the International Finance Corporation and nursed it through its inevitable growing pains. He then focused on some old and some new problems, and, in particular, the newest member of the World Bank family, the International Development Association. IDA credits will have grace periods, long maturities, and low or no interest or commitment charges. Many IDA recipients have heavy foreign debt service burdens. He concluded by saying that the share of capital should increase that goes to the underdeveloped countries on terms properly geared to their requirements.

International Development Association --- International Finance Corporation --- Official Development Assistance --- Technical Assistance

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Jim Yong Kim, President of the World Bank Group, discussed the vision of a world free of poverty by 2030, resolving to boost the prosperity of the bottom 40 percent of the population in developing countries. Addressing the root causes of conflict and insecurity is a core priority of the World Bank Group. He raised six questions and challenges. First, fragility is no longer mostly limited to low-income states. Second, weak states have great difficulty delivering services to their citizens. Third, development and humanitarian groups have long worked separately. Fourth, refugees are no longer largely living in camps. Fifth, we now know that we will not have enough ODA - official development assistance - to pay for helping communities and refugees. Sixth, we don't know enough about the refugees themselves.

Conflict and development --- Fragile states --- Inequality --- Official development assistance --- Poverty reduction --- Refugees --- Social cohesion --- Social conflict and violence --- Social development

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In 2013, the government abolished the Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA), which had been Canada's flagship foreign aid agency for decades, and transferred its functions to the newly renamed Department of Foreign Affairs, Trade and Development (DFATD). As the government is rethinking Canadian aid and its relationship with other foreign policy and commercial objectives, the time is ripe to rethink Canadian aid more broadly. Edited by Stephen Brown, Molly den Heyer and David R. Black, this revised edition not only analyzes Canada's past development assistance, it also highlights important new opportunities in the context of the recent change in government. Designed to reach a variety of audiences, contributions by twenty scholars and experts in the field offer an incisive examination of Canada's record and initiatives in Canadian foreign aid, including its relatively recent emphasis on maternal and child health and on the extractive sector, as well as the longer-term engagement with state fragility. The portrait that emerges is a sobering one. This book is essential reading for anyone interested in Canada's changing role in the world.

Economic assistance, Canadian. --- Canada --- Foreign economic relations. --- Economic policy. --- Canadian economic assistance --- foreign aid --- canada --- Canadian International Development Agency --- Development aid --- Gender equality --- Official development assistance