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"Concerns about disinformation have witnessed extraordinary growth since the mid-2010s, despite the spread of false and distorted messages in the public arena not being a new phenomenon. In 2016, the Oxford Dictionary declared 'post-truth' as its word of the year, highlighting a historical and political time in which disinformation strategies reached new heights, fueled by the hybridization of the communicative ecosystem (Chadwick 2013) in a context of increasing polarization and populism. The election of Donald Trump in 2016 or the Brexit referendum the same year were milestones in the awareness of the role manipulative messages play and their effects on political decisions, particularly in times of crisis (Spence, Lachlan, Edwards, and Edwards 2016). Disinformation strategies take advantage of social networks to go viral quickly, and benefit from another of these networks' inherent characteristics: their ability to discriminate and stratify the public according to the most diverse criteria (Wagner and Boczkowski 2019). Any person or company with a sufficiently large and specialized database can now distribute content among the public according to multiple criteria, allowing much more to be known about their tastes, hobbies, opinions, etc. than in the past. In fact, public participation data on social networks (who they follow, in which groups they participate, what content they share, etc.) is one of the main elements that helps increase the effectiveness of the messages sent to the public. The snowball of disinformation can, in fact, feed itself and improve its effectiveness in each wave (Tucker et al. 2018)"--

Communication in politics. --- Fake news --- Social media --- Political aspects. --- Corrupt practices. --- DISINFORMATION --- FAKE NEWS--POLITICAL ASPECTS --- COMMUNICATION IN POLITICS --- Journalism --- Political philosophy. Social philosophy --- Mass communications

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Through a collection of expert analyses, this book aims to deepen our understanding of the dangers of fake news and disinformation, while also charting well-informed and realistic ways ahead.

Disinformation. --- Disinformation --- Common fallacies. --- Communication --- Political aspects --- Technological innovations. --- Political aspects. --- BPB2006 --- désinformation --- démocratie --- δημοκρατία --- demokrácia --- demokrātija --- democracia --- demokraatia --- democrazia --- demokracija --- demokratija --- democrație --- democracy --- demokratia --- demokracie --- demokracja --- demokrati --- demokraci --- demokracia --- democratie --- Demokratie --- demokrazija --- демокрация --- демократија --- politický pluralizmus --- pluralizm polityczny --- πολιτικός πλουραλισμός --- folkstyre --- folkestyre --- politiek pluralisme --- politischer Pluralismus --- politiskais plurālisms --- demokrātiska vienlīdzība --- politikai pluralizmus --- égalité démocratique --- politický pluralismus --- ugwaljanza demokratika --- pluraliżmu politiku --- barazi demokratike --- pluralismo político --- politinis pliuralizmas --- politisk jämlikhet --- демократична равнопоставеност --- igualdad democrática --- democratische gelijkheid --- demokratische Gleichheit --- δημοκρατικό πολίτευμα --- demokraattinen yhdenvertaisuus --- poliittinen pluralismi --- demokratična enakost --- democratic equality --- demokratikus egyenlőség --- pluralisme politique --- politisk mångfald --- demokraatlik võrdsus --- igualdade democrática --- politisk pluralism --- ludowładztwo --- политически плурализъм --- politisk pluralisme --- pluralism politic --- pluralismo politico --- pluralizëm politik --- demokratická rovnost --- politički pluralizam --- uguaglianza democratica --- politični pluralizem --- egalitate democratică --- demokratická rovnosť --- political pluralism --- poliitiline pluralism --- demokratinė lygybė --- политички плурализам --- dezinformacja --- disinformaatio --- παραπληροφόρηση --- dezinformáció --- desinformação --- dezinformare --- desinformatsioon --- dezinformācija --- diżinformazzjoni --- дезинформација --- дезинформация --- keqinformim --- dezinformácia --- desinformatie --- dezinformacija --- desinformación --- Desinformation --- disinformation --- disinformazione --- dezinformace --- desinformation --- погрешна информација --- viltus ziņa --- falske nyheder --- fausses informations --- lažne vijesti --- nepnieuws --- fejknyheter --- noticias falsas --- ψευδείς ειδήσεις --- știri false --- falošné správy --- aħbarijiet foloz --- notizie false --- fake news --- неточна информација --- álhír --- falešná informace --- nieprawdziwe informacje --- nepravdivá informace --- falska nyheter --- gezielte Falschmeldungen --- libauudised --- fakenieuws --- melagingos naujienos --- hamis információ --- falešné zprávy --- misinformation --- лажна информација --- valeuutiset --- фалшиви новини --- lažne novice --- notícia falsa --- Legal theory and methods. Philosophy of law --- Human rights --- Mass communications --- BPB2006. --- Infox --- Médias --- Démocratie --- Liberté d'expression --- Protection de l'information (informatique) --- Covid-19. --- Fake news --- Mass media --- Democracy --- Freedom of speech --- Data protection --- COVID-19 (Disease) --- Objectivité --- Influence --- Droit --- Droit européen --- Objectivity --- Law and legislation. --- Law and legislation --- 241 Hedendaagse wereldproblemen --- 690 Media, mediarecht --- 691 Informatiebeleid --- 696.1 Internet --- 213 Democratie --- Desinformatie --- Propaganda --- 281 Politiek per land (behalve Belgie) --- COVID-19 --- maldināšana --- αναληθές δημοσίευμα --- bulo --- fałszywa informacja --- bufala --- potegavščina --- embuste --- qerq --- невярна информация --- Falschmeldung --- pettus --- canular --- bluff --- измислица --- menzogna --- boato --- melagingi pranešimai --- hoax --- lažna vijest --- Hoax --- Globalization --- daonlathas --- bréagaisnéis --- mal-information --- démocratie --- désinformation --- félretájékoztatás --- škodlivá informácia --- informare rău-voitoare --- informazzjoni ħażina --- informare greșită --- irreführende Information --- misinformaatio --- väärinfo --- zlonamerne informacije --- hamis tájékoztatás --- má informação --- väärä tieto --- mífhaisnéis --- informacja szkodliwa --- neúmyselne nepravdivá informácia --- virheellinen tieto --- bevidst misinformation --- misinformatie --- pogrešna informacija --- miżinformazzjoni --- informação errada --- nepareiza informācija --- εσφαλμένη πληροφόρηση --- maldinoša informācija --- nesprávná informace --- falsk information --- klaidinga informacija --- pakenkti skirta informacija --- información falsa --- informacja wprowadzająca w błąd --- mésinformation --- drochfhaisnéis --- Fehlinformation --- zavádějící informace --- napačne informacije --- malinformazione --- lažna informacija --- Falschinformation --- κακόβουλη πληροφόρηση --- Schadinformation --- información errónea --- cattiva informazione --- Mass media - Political aspects --- Fake news - Political aspects --- Disinformation - Political aspects --- Digital media --- Democracy. --- Globalization.