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Refrigeration, air conditioning, and heat pumps (RACHP) have an important impact on the final energy uses of many sectors of modern society, such as residential, commercial, industrial, transport, and automotive. Moreover, RACHP also have an important environmental impact due to the working fluids that deplete the stratospheric ozone layer, which are being phased out according to the Montreal Protocol (1989). Last, but not least, high global working potential (GWP), working fluids (directly), and energy consumption (indirectly) are responsible for a non-negligible quota of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the atmosphere, thus impacting climate change.

History of engineering & technology --- demand side management (DSM) --- energy efficiency --- energy storage --- demand response (DR) --- flexibility --- R744 transcritical booster --- subcritical booster --- cascade --- parallel compression --- ejector --- commercial/retail refrigeration --- HVAC --- pressure based control --- damper control --- static pressure reset --- CO2 reset --- demand-based control --- energy saving --- human well-being --- IAQ --- Atomic Air --- air conditioning --- chiller --- CO2 --- commercial refrigeration --- heat pump --- heat recovery --- industrial refrigeration --- R744 --- transcritical vapor-compression system --- two-phase ejector --- domestic refrigerator --- consumer habits --- energy consumption --- good practices --- surveys --- ground source heat pump --- tropical climate --- horizontal heat exchanger --- district cooling --- liquid to compressed natural gas --- thermal energy storage --- LNG --- ground source heat pumps --- low GWP refrigerants --- energy analysis --- R410A --- R32 --- R454B

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This second volume of the Special Issue includes 13 contributions, from across the world, with very interesting research topics such as: Energy Intensity Reduction; Large-Scale Non-Residential Buildings; Dynamic Control of HVAC with Heat Pumps; Reed Potential as a Regenerative Building Material and Their Performance Characterisation; Experimental Evaluation of Energy-Efficiency in a Holistically Designed Building; A Case Study of Design and Energy Performance Analysis of a Hotel Building in a Hot and Dry Climate; Internal Convective and Radiative Heat Transfer Coefficients for a Vertical Wall in a Residential Building; Passive Façade Performance Evaluation with Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) during the Architectural Design Process; Thermal Performance Improvement of Double-Pane Lightweight Steel Framed (LSF) Walls Using Thermal Break Strips (TBS) and Reflective Foils; Energy Performance of Buildings with Thermochromic Windows in Mediterranean Climates; Energy Performance and Benchmarking for University Classrooms in Hot and Humid Climates; Effect of HVAC’s Management on Indoor Thermo-Hygrometric Comfort and Energy Balance: In Situ Assessments on a Real nearly Zero Energy Building (nZEB); Stochastic-Based Optimisation Approach towards the Integration of Photovoltaic Panels in Multi-Residential Social Housing; Effect of Climate Change and Occupant Behaviour on the Environmental Impact of the Heating/Cooling Systems of a Real Apartment: A Parametric Study through Life Cycle Assessment; Road Thermal Collector for Building Heating in South Europe (Italy): Numerical Modeling and Design of an Experimental Set-Up.

Technology: general issues --- Chemical engineering --- energy efficiency improvement --- HVAC operation --- dynamic optimization --- sustainability --- reed (Arundo donax) --- material characterisation --- natural materials --- vernacular architecture --- holistic --- energy management system --- sustainable --- building performance --- thermal performance --- indoor comfort --- energy performance --- design parameters --- energy simulation --- building envelope --- convection --- radiation --- heat transfer coefficient --- correlation --- climate-adaptive building shells --- sustainable design --- energy efficiency --- shape-memory alloy --- climate change --- experimental assessment --- double-pane --- lightweight steel frame (LSF) --- partition walls --- aerogel thermal break strips --- aluminium reflective foils --- thermochromic coatings --- solar transmittance --- solar reflectance --- Energy Use Intensity --- higher education buildings --- energy consumption --- benchmarking --- hot and humid climates --- EnergyPlus --- nZEB --- HVAC management --- monitoring campaign --- load matching --- computational fluid dynamics --- social housing --- energy demand --- energy refurbishment --- internal gains --- occupation rate --- life cycle cost --- life cycle assessment (LCA) --- ReCiPe indicator --- global warming potential (GWP) indicator --- environmental impact --- heating and cooling systems --- occupant behaviour --- road thermal collector --- borehole thermal storage --- alternative energy system

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This book focuses on the progress in modern energy processes, systems and equipment. Since the beginning of humankind, energy has been the most important need for each human and living being. Thus, the development of different ways of energy conversion that can be applied to cover growing energy needs has become a crucial challenge for scientists and engineers around the world, making the power industry, in which operation is based on subsequent energy conversion processes, one of the most important fields of the local, national, and global economy today. Progress in precise description, modeling, and optimization of physical phenomena related to the energy conversion processes bounded to large and dispersed power systems is a key research and development field of the economy.

Technology: general issues --- fuel burners --- asphalt roofing --- heating equipment --- biogas treatment --- volatile methylsiloxanes --- siloxane concentrations --- adsorbents --- regeneration --- biogas --- deep eutectic solvents --- upgrading --- absorption --- COSMO-RS --- economic analysis --- air pollution --- PM2.5 dust --- ORC --- working fluid --- selection method --- volumetric expander --- thermodynamic analysis --- lignite mine --- PM2.5 --- PM10 --- WRF-CALMET/CALPUFF --- health risk --- grill --- barbecue --- stove --- boiler --- charcoal briquettes --- liquid propane --- particulate matter --- gaseous air pollutants --- energy performance gap --- user behavior --- energy poverty --- pre-war tenement building --- Trilateral Flash Cycle --- T-s diagram --- adiabatic expansion --- retrofit --- CO2 power cycle --- low-temperature phase change material --- paraffin wax --- thermal energy storage --- numerical modelling --- scanning electron microscope --- microturbine --- stirling engine --- fuel cell --- expander --- vane --- lobe --- screw --- piston --- Wankel --- gerotor --- microcogeneration --- CHP --- hydrofluoroolefins --- hydrofluorocarbons --- refrigerants --- low GWP --- energy conversion --- fuels --- energy storage --- ecological and legal aspects

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This book highlights the role of research in innovation and sustainability in the forest sector. The contributions included fall within the broad thematic areas of forest science and cover crucial topics such as biocontrol, forest fire risk, harvesting and logging practices, quantitative and qualitative assessments of forest products, urban forests, and wood treatments—topics that have also been addressed from an interdisciplinary perspective. The contributions also have practical applications, as they deal with the ecological and economic importance of forests and new technologies for the conservation, monitoring, and improvement of services and forest value.

Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- Forestry & related industries --- physical activity --- mental health --- landscape metrics --- hierarchical multiple regression --- round wood transport --- wood supply chain --- transport work optimization --- sawlogs deliveries --- sawlogs sourcing --- small-diameter tree --- forest biomass --- multi-tree felling head --- time study --- harvesting cost --- tree plantations --- growth equations --- rotation length --- growth rates --- poplar productivity --- energy chain --- residual biomass --- isochronous rings --- travel time --- transport cost --- UAV --- VOC --- drone sensor --- semiconductor metal oxide gas sensors --- alpha pinene --- log properties --- stack volume --- solid wood content --- roundwood measurement --- wood modification --- mechanical properties --- physical properties --- anti shrinkage efficiency --- colour --- Cameroon --- biomass --- poplar --- SRC --- thermal energy --- life cycle assessment --- GWP --- wood energy supply chain --- Lomatia hirsuta --- Patagonia --- pioneer tree species --- stump shoots --- quality wood --- trunk analysis --- stability of stands --- Capreolus capreolus --- ungulate --- urban forests --- human disturbances --- daily activity --- moon phases --- disturbances --- wildfires --- natural and technogenic ecosystems --- permafrost --- thermal anomaly --- soil --- numerical simulation --- remote sensing --- Siberia --- mean lifetime --- natural forest --- survival analysis --- tree age distribution --- bark structure --- Pinus sylvestris --- forward selection --- bark types --- forest therapy --- urban environment --- sensory gardens --- wellbeing --- social inclusion --- recreational development --- universal design --- urban green areas --- therapeutic space --- deep learning --- tree species --- classification --- Scots pine --- tree-ring --- air pollution --- growth reduction --- climate change --- Poland --- climate change mitigation --- forest restoration --- forest biomass estimation --- standing and lying dead wood --- variogram model --- kriging regression --- Botryosphaeriaceae --- biocontrol --- pine bark extracts --- Trichoderma citrinoviride --- VOCs --- lytic enzymes --- fire ignition --- fire hazard --- QGIS --- InVEST --- NDVI --- S2 NDWI --- risk --- n/a

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This book focuses on the much-needed efforts to design sustainable, well-being-oriented economies, based on appropriate energy use in all sectors of a country´s development. Carbon neutrality, energy efficiency and effectiveness, renewable energies, circular economy strategies, environmental consequences of energy use, engagement and empowerment of local communities in decision making, energy and environmental impacts of consumer behavior, and finally science-based approaches towards sustainable production and consumption are the main focus of the research activities described within this book. An effort to go beyond energy scarcity, to promote energy communities, to explore new technologies, and overall, to understand and address the population-lifestyle-energy nexus towards increased and shared well-being is the final result jointly provided by the book authors. All in all, the aim is for the book to be the starting point of a deeper research and understanding of the importance of a radical improvement in energy use in society, beyond considering energy as just a resource in the world market. Circular economy aspects are also investigated, showing the energy saving potential associated with the appropriate design and recovery of material resources.

Research & information: general --- Physics --- energy consumption for heating --- CO2 emissions --- income --- buildings --- cities --- Spain --- emissions --- CO2 --- GWP --- functional unit --- natural gas --- SOFC --- optimal layout --- wake effect --- fluctuation --- wind farm --- ramping rate --- energy policy investments --- cost-benefit analysis --- social discount rate --- dual discounting --- energy transition index --- energy consumer --- behavioural model --- consumer segmentation --- socioeconomic characteristics --- end user profile --- energy awareness --- electricity --- efficiency --- multifractal detrended fluctuation analysis --- multifractality --- MLM --- rolling window --- smart grids --- demand response --- island communities --- social acceptance --- technology readiness --- sustainability --- Italy --- Ireland --- multi-regional input–output --- nexus --- trade --- Belt and Road --- renewable energy --- potential --- Indonesia --- literature review --- 100% renewables --- scenario --- energy savings --- circular economy --- construction and demolition waste --- recycled aggregates --- agri-food by-products --- urban building energy model --- UBEM --- level of detail --- LOD --- shadowing --- thermal zoning --- s-LCA --- LCA --- energy communities --- empowerment --- energy justice --- resource sustainability --- exergy --- exergy cost accounting --- exergy cost of biological resources --- decarbonisation --- climate neutrality --- industrial energy saving --- strategic decision making --- net-zero --- road mapping --- energy efficiency --- ideal mix --- sustainability strategy --- energy efficiency index --- n/a --- multi-regional input-output