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This Assessment is conducted as part of a larger platform established in 2016 through a joint World Bank and UNHCR initiative to support Afghanistan's forcibly displaced population. The platform aims to inform and support the dialogue between stakeholders in Afghanistan in order to: (i) seek ways to ensure a meaningful inclusion of durable solutions for the forcibly displaced and returnees in the Afghanistan National Peace and Development Strategy (ANPDF) and development intervention; (ii) identify early recovery and long-term needs of the forcibly displaced persons; and (iii) identify policy level and developmental opportunities that can contribute to the well-being and self-reliance of Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs), returnees, refugees and their host communities. One of the main activities under this joint initiative is Policy and Implementation Analysis, which includes an assessment of Afghanistan's legal and policy framework on forced displacement.3 Afghanistan's Forced Displacement Legal and Policy Framework Assessment was prepared during the period of January to May 2017 as part of efforts towards completion of this main activity. This assessment recommends that Afghanistan establish an effective and comprehensive legal and policy framework that provides protection to all categories of forcibly displaced persons, including asylum seekers, refugees, and stateless persons. Furthermore, this assessment recommends reforms in the existing legal and policy instruments that address the specific needs of forcibly displaced persons and promote their access to basic human rights and public services. These include reforms in the following areas: establishment and maintenance of effective registration and data collection system on forced displacement; facilitated access to documentation and simplified procedure for replacement of lost and/or damaged documents; promotion of the forcibly displaced persons' access to land, shelter and housing as well of their land tenure security; harmonization of legal and policy frameworks to ensure compliance with the IDP Policy and the National Policy Framework; and provision of sufficient resources to institutions put in place or responsible for implementing the forced displacement legal and policy framework.

Human Migrations and Resettlements --- Involuntary Resettlement Law --- Law and Development --- Social Cohesion --- Social Development --- Voluntary and Involuntary Resettlement

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The initial occupational placements of male immigrants in the United States labor market vary significantly by country of origin even when education and other individual factors are taken into account. Does the heterogeneity persist over time? Using data from the 1980, 1990, and 2000 Censuses, this paper finds that the performance of migrants from countries with lower initial occupational placement levels improves at a higher rate compared with that of migrants originating from countries with higher initial performance levels. Nevertheless, the magnitude of convergence suggests that full catch-up is unlikely. The impact of country specific attributes on the immigrants' occupational placement occurs mainly through their effect on initial performance and they lose significance when initial occupational levels are controlled for in the estimation.

Assimilation --- Human Migrations & Resettlements --- International Economics & Trade --- International Migration --- Labor Markets --- Migration --- Population Policies --- Skilled occupation --- Voluntary and Involuntary Resettlement

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La Universidad del Rosario, por conducto del Observatorio Legislativo y el Grupo de Investigación en Derechos Humanos de la Facultad de Jurisprudencia, en asocio con la Fundación Hanns Seidel, organizaron el IV Concurso Nacional de Semilleros titulado "Democracia y Desplazamiento Forzado: un análisis desde diversas perspectivas”, el cual se realizó en el marco del Foro "El Desplazamiento Forzado en Colombia: 10 años de la Sentencia T-025 de 2004”, buscando analizar el estado actual del desplazamiento en Colombia y qué ha pasado con las órdenes impartidas por la Corte Constitucional hace 10 años así mismo, el objetivo era reconocer los cambios que han existido en la situación de hecho y de derecho de la población desplazada y cuáles son las nuevas dinámicas que han surgido alrededor de esta problemática y que seguramente no existían cuando la Corte profirió tan importante sentencia. De las ponencias recibidas por parte de las diferentes instituciones educativas del país, fueron seleccionadas doce para participar en la fase oral que se dio cita los días 5 y 6 de agosto de 2014, en la Universidad del Rosario. Estas ponencias daban cuenta, desde distintos escenarios, del estado del desplazamiento forzado en Colombia, tal como se propuso con el Foro, pero desde las perspectivas de los estudiantes, quienes a partir de la investigación formativa analizaron el fenómeno. Tanto la fase oral como la escrita, contaron con la participación de profesores de altas calidades profesionales y académicas que actuaron como pares evaluadores y jurados, certificando así la calidad de las ponencias presentadas y ello los resultados obtenidos. Con este ejercicio pedagógico se observaron los resultados y la importancia de la investigación formativa en las facultades de Derecho y todas las carreras afines, siendo el presente libro una prueba y resultado de ello.

Forced migration --- Peace-building --- Law and legislation --- Cleansing, Ethnic --- Compulsory resettlement --- Ethnic cleansing --- Ethnic purification --- Involuntary resettlement --- Migration, Forced --- Purification, Ethnic --- Relocation, Forced --- Resettlement, Involuntary --- Migration, Internal

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Migration is an important yet neglected determinant of institutions. This paper documents the channels through which emigration affects home country institutions and considers dynamic-panel regressions for a large sample of developing countries. The authors find that emigration and human capital both increase democracy and economic freedom. This implies that unskilled (skilled) emigration has a positive (ambiguous) impact on institutional quality. Simulations show an impact of skilled emigration that is generally positive, significant for a few countries and for many countries once incentive effects of emigration on human capital formation are accounted for.

Brain Drain --- Democracy --- Diaspora Effects --- Economic Theory & Research --- Human Migrations & Resettlements --- Institutions --- International Migration --- Migration --- Population Policies --- Social Development --- Voluntary and Involuntary Resettlement

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This paper reviews the existing literature on the impact of migrants networks on the patterns of international migration. It covers the theoretical channels at stake in the global effect of the networks. It identifies the key issues, namely the impact on size, selection and concentration of the migration flows. The paper also reviews the empirical hurdles that the researchers face in assessing the importance of networks. The key issues concern the choice of micro vs a macro approach, the definition of a network, the access to suitable data and the adoption of econometric methods accounting for the main features of those data. Finally, the paper reports a set of estimation outcomes reflecting the main findings of the macro approach.

Anthropology --- Econometric Methods --- Global Effect --- Human Migrations & Resettlements --- International Economics & Trade --- International Migration --- Migrants Networks --- Migration Flows --- Population Policies --- Social Development --- Voluntary and Involuntary Resettlement