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"Der Band befasst sich mit der gnostisch-synkretistischen Religion des östlichen Manichäismus in China, im Iran und im türkischen Zentralasien. Nach einer religionswissenschaftlichen Einführung erörtern die Beiträge Fragen der Überlieferung und der interkulturellen Wechselwirkungen mit dem lateinischen, koptischen und arabischen Manichäismus."--

Manichaeism --- Turkic peoples --- History --- Religion --- Buddhism. --- Iranian studies. --- Manicheism. --- Turkish studies. --- world religion.

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Der Manichäismus bezeichnet eine Weltreligion, die vom 3. bis zum 12./13. Jh. zeitweise von Europa bis nach China verbreitet war. Vor etwa 100 Jahren wurde in Zentralasien auch die Originalliteratur der Manichäer wiederentdeckt. Wissenschaftler erkannten nun, dass sich dort unter dem Einfluss von anderen Religionen (vor allem des Buddhismus) synkretistische Sonderformen entwickelt hatten, die nur interdisziplinär erforscht werden können. Der Band beinhaltet die Referate einer internationalen Arbeitstagung von Turkologen und Iranisten (Göttinger Akademie der Wissenschaften, 4.-5. März 2010) über die Gattungs- und Werksgeschichte der Literatur des zentralasiatischen Manichäismus. Manichaeism is a world religion that was widespread between Europe and China in various periods between the 3rd and 12th/13th centuries. Some 100 years ago the original literature of the Manicheans was rediscovered in Central Asia. These sources led scholars to realize that here, under the influence of other religions (above all Buddhism), special syncretic forms of the religion had arisen which could only be studied on an interdisciplinary basis. This volume contains the papers of an international workshop held by Turcologists and Iranianists (Göttingen Academy of Sciences, March 4-5, 2010) on the history of the genres and works of the literature of Central Asian Manichaeism.

Manichaeism --- Asia, Central --- China --- Religion --- Buddhism. --- Iranian Studies. --- Manichaeism. --- Turcology. --- World Religion.

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Bei diesem Band handelt es sich um eine Edition der Korrespondenz zwischen dem Göttinger Iranisten und Akademiemitglied Friedrich Carl Andreas (1846-1930) und dem bis 1914 in Leuven wirkenden Turkologen, Uralaltaisten und Anglisten Willi Bang(-Kaup) (1869-1934). Dem kommentierten Briefwechsel stellen die Herausgeber eine Reihe von einleitenden Kapiteln voran, in denen sie die Verfasser der Briefe und ihr Wirken charakterisieren sowie in den Kontext der damaligen Verhältnisse der internationalen orientalistischen Gemeinde stellen. Neben den Inhalten des Briefwechsels erläutern sie dieser Stelle auch die Bedeutung von W. Bang(-Kaup) und Göttingen für die komanischen Studien und behandeln die sogenannte "Marquart-Affäre‟. This volume presents the correspondence that took place between the Göttingen Iranian scholar and academician Friedrich Carl Andreas (1846-1930) and the Turkish, Ural-Altaic, and English scholar Willi Bang(-Kaup) (1869-1934), who worked in Leuven until 1914. The editors have included a multi-chapter introduction to the annotated correspondence, which sets the letters against the backdrop of contemporary relationships among the international community of Orientalist scholars. The introduction includes an assessment of the importance of W. Bang(-Kaup) and Göttingen for the field of Cumanian studies.

Turcologists --- Iranologists --- Bang, W. --- Andreas, Friedrich Carl, --- Universität Göttingen --- History. --- Correspondence. --- Iranian studies. --- Turkish studies. --- academic history. --- history of Orientalist language studies.

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Rabbis, Sorcerers, Kings, and Priests examines the impact of the Persian Sasanian context on the Babylonian Talmud, perhaps the most important corpus in the Jewish sacred canon. What impact did the Persian Zoroastrian Empire, as both a real historical force and an imaginary interlocutor, have on rabbinic identity and authority as expressed in the Talmud? Drawing from the field of comparative religion, Jason Sion Mokhtarian addresses this question by bringing into mutual fruition Talmudic studies and ancient Iranology, two historically distinct disciplines. Whereas most research on the Talmud assumes that the rabbis were an insular group isolated from the cultural horizon outside their academies, this book contextualizes the rabbis and the Talmud within a broader sociocultural orbit by drawing from a wide range of sources from Sasanian Iran, including Middle Persian Zoroastrian literature, archaeological data such as seals and inscriptions, and the Aramaic magical bowl spells. Mokhtarian also includes a detailed examination of the Talmud's dozens of texts that portray three Persian "others": the Persians, the Sasanian kings, and the Zoroastrian priests. This book skillfully engages and demonstrates the rich penetration of Persian imperial society and culture on the Jews of late antique Iran.

Judaism --- History --- Talmud --- Talmud Bavli --- Babylonian Talmud --- Talmud, Babylonian --- Talmud Vavilonskiĭ --- Talmoed, Babylonische --- Babylonische Talmoed --- Shas --- Shishah sedarim --- Talmud of Babylonia --- Talmud de Babilonia --- Talmud Babli --- Talmouth --- Talmod --- Iranian influences. --- ancient iranology. --- ancient syncretism. --- aramaic magical bowl spells. --- babylonian talmud. --- comparative religion. --- early modern judaism. --- god and religion. --- iranian studies. --- jewish history. --- jewish studies. --- judaism. --- middle persian zoroastrianism. --- persia. --- persian imperial society. --- persian others. --- persian syncretism. --- sacred jewish texts. --- sasanian empire. --- sasanian kings. --- sasanian religions. --- talmud. --- talmudic studies. --- talmudic study. --- zoroastrian priests.

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Iran's criminal courts are notorious for meting out severe sentences-according to Amnesty International, the country has the world's highest rate of capital punishment per capita. Less known to outside observers, however, is the Iranian criminal code's recognition of forgiveness, where victims of violent crimes, or the families of murder victims, can request the state to forgo punishing the criminal. This book shows that in the Iranian justice system, forbearance is as much a right of victims as retribution. Drawing on extended interviews and first-hand observations of more than eighty murder trials, the book explores why some families of victims forgive perpetrators and how a wide array of individuals contribute to the fraught business of negotiating reconciliation.

Forgiveness --- Pardon --- Victims --- Justice, Administration of --- Pardon (Islamic law) --- Justice, Administration of (Islamic law) --- Legal status, laws, etc. --- Iranian penal code. --- Iranian studies. --- Islam. --- Islamic criminal justice. --- Islamic law. --- Islamic political debate. --- Middle East Studies. --- Middle East gender and law. --- Middle East law and society. --- Qur’an. --- affective faith in healing. --- anthropology of law. --- bakhshesh. --- codifying mercy. --- comparative law. --- crime and punishment. --- criminal court procedure. --- criminal law. --- criminal legal studies. --- death penalty. --- forgiveness activists. --- gender and law. --- gozasht. --- humanitarianism. --- judicial reform. --- mercy advocates. --- peace studies. --- qisas. --- religion. --- religious studies. --- restorative justice. --- victims’ rights.