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378.4:061.12 <44 PARIS> --- Universiteiten-:-Academies--Frankrijk --- French history - Academic institution - Science - 17th century. --- Science --- Natural science --- Science of science --- Sciences --- Societies, etc --- History --- Académie royale des sciences (France) --- French Royal Academy of Sciences --- Royal Academy of Sciences (France) --- Académie royale des sciences de l'Institut de France --- Institut de France. --- France. --- Koninglijke Academie der Weetenschappen (France) --- Königl. Akademie der Wissenschaften in Paris --- Societies, etc. --- Académie royale des sciences (France) --- Congresses --- France --- 17th century --- Natural sciences

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"In 1739 Bordeaux's Royal Academy of Sciences held an essay contest seeking answers to a pressing question: What was the cause of Africans' black skin? Published here for the first time and translated into English, these early documents of scientific racism lay bare the Enlightenment origins of the phantom of racial hierarchy. Also includes three essays from a 1772 contest seeking ideas to lessen diseases aboard slave ships"--

Black race --- Scientific racism --- Racism in anthropology --- Racism against Black people --- Black people --- Negro race --- Race --- Anthropology --- Race science --- Racial science --- Pseudoscience --- Racism --- Color --- History --- Public opinion --- Académie royale des sciences (France) --- French Royal Academy of Sciences --- Royal Academy of Sciences (France) --- Académie royale des sciences de l'Institut de France --- Institut de France. --- France. --- Koninglijke Academie der Weetenschappen (France) --- Königl. Akademie der Wissenschaften in Paris --- Abolition. --- Abolitionism. --- Caribbean Africans. --- Caribbean studies. --- Colonialism. --- Eighteenth century. --- Enlightenment. --- Enslaved Africans. --- Enslavement. --- History of Medicine. --- History of ideas. --- History of race. --- Kant. --- Middle Passage. --- Montesquieu. --- Plantation diseases. --- Postcolonial. --- Slave Trade.

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The greatest ambition of any moderately successful nineteenth-century French scientist was to become a member of the Academy of Sciences. Science under Control is the first major study, in any language, of this elite institution, in a period which began with such influential figures as Laplace and Cuvier and extended to the time of Louis Pasteur and Henri Poincare. The book attempts to remove the veil of mystery and misunderstanding which has shrouded this key institution and its procedures. The French government exercised political, financial and bureaucratic control over the Academy, and the Academy in turn sat in judgement over all serious scientific production. Only with its approval could the work of French scientists win acceptance and their careers advance. The book provides a case study of carefully regulated scientific production encouraged yet constrained within a system of reports, prizes and elections.

Science --- Learned institutions and societies --- Science and state --- Sciences --- Sociétés savantes et instituts --- Politique scientifique et technique --- History --- Study and teaching --- Histoire --- Etude et enseignement --- Académie royale des sciences (France) --- Académie des sciences (France) --- History. --- 061.12 <44 PARIS> --- 001.89 <09> --- -Natural science --- Science of science --- Academies--Frankrijk--PARIS --- Organisatie van wetenschap en wetenschappelijk werk. Wetenschapsbeleid--Geschiedenis van ... --- Academie royale des sciences (France) --- -French Royal Academy of Sciences --- Royal Academy of Sciences (France) --- Académie royale des sciences de l'Institut de France --- Institut de France. --- France. --- Koninglijke Academie der Weetenschappen (France) --- Königl. Akademie der Wissenschaften in Paris --- -Academies--Frankrijk--PARIS --- -History --- 001.89 <09> Organisatie van wetenschap en wetenschappelijk werk. Wetenschapsbeleid--Geschiedenis van ... --- 061.12 <44 PARIS> Academies--Frankrijk--PARIS --- Sociétés savantes et instituts --- Académie royale des sciences (France) --- Académie des sciences (France) --- Organisatie van wetenschap en wetenschappelijk werk. Wetenschapsbeleid--Geschiedenis van .. --- French Royal Academy of Sciences --- Organisatie van wetenschap en wetenschappelijk werk. Wetenschapsbeleid--Geschiedenis van . --- Arts and Humanities --- Science - France - History. --- Organisatie van wetenschap en wetenschappelijk werk. Wetenschapsbeleid--Geschiedenis van