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It is indisputable that the way armed conflict is conducted has changed dramatically in the last half of the twentieth century. The contributions to this volume accept the reality of these changes and seek to assess the efficacy of certain aspects of international humanitarian law. The volume commences with a critical evaluation of the 1977 Protocols additional to the four Geneva Conventions of 1949. Subsequent chapters consider increasing protection for women and minorities in armed conflict; efforts to control the weapons of war; identifying the law applicable to peace operations; and current developments in the enforcement of international humanitarian law. One general theme which emerges from a number of chapters is the importance of the relationship between international humanitarian law and other relevant areas of international law. Most of the contributors also applaud recent developments towards effective enforcement of the established principles of this important area of international law.

Humanitarian law of war. --- War (International law) --- War victims --- Legal status, laws, etc.

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Crimes against humanity --- Genocide --- Crimes contre l'humanité --- Génocide --- Génocide --- Volkenmoord --- Law of War --- 341.322 --- 323.12 --- Sociology of minorities --- Law of armed conflicts. Humanitarian law --- National movements --- Humanitarian law

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Droit d'ingérence --- Droit international humanitaire --- Droit international. --- Droit d'ingérence humanitaire. --- droit humanitaire --- intervention (droit international) --- assistance humanitaire --- Droit d'ingérence. --- Droit international humanitaire. --- Aide humanitaire. --- Droit humanitaire international. --- Droits de l'homme. --- Interventions étrangères. --- Souveraineté. --- souveraineté de l'Etat. --- ordre international. --- non-intervention. --- Ingérence --- Droit d'ingerence humanitaire --- 6221 --- 327.8 --- 341.233 --- Military intervention --- Humanitarian intervention --- Military occupation --- Droit d'ingérence humanitaire --- Occupation militaire --- Droit d'ingérence humanitaire --- Intervention (International law) --- Diplomacy --- International law --- Neutrality --- International relations. Foreign policy --- Economic sanctions --- Mass media --- Political aspects --- Intervention (Droit international) --- Law and legislation --- Droit --- --Intervention (International law) --- Mass media - Political aspects --- Doctrines. --- HUMANITARIAN INTERVENTION. --- Humanitair oorlogsrecht. --- Humanitaire interventie. --- Humanitarian intervention. --- INTERVENTION. --- Intervention (Droit international). --- Intervention (International law). --- Intervention (droit international). --- LAW OF WAR. --- SOVEREIGNTY.

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Must we fight terrorism with terror, match assassination with assassination, and torture with torture? Must we sacrifice civil liberty to protect public safety? In the age of terrorism, the temptations of ruthlessness can be overwhelming. But we are pulled in the other direction too by the anxiety that a violent response to violence makes us morally indistinguishable from our enemies. There is perhaps no greater political challenge today than trying to win the war against terror without losing our democratic souls. Michael Ignatieff confronts this challenge head-on, with the combination of hard-headed idealism, historical sensitivity, and political judgment that has made him one of the most influential voices in international affairs today. Ignatieff argues that we must not shrink from the use of violence--that far from undermining liberal democracy, force can be necessary for its survival. But its use must be measured, not a program of torture and revenge. And we must not fool ourselves that whatever we do in the name of freedom and democracy is good. We may need to kill to fight the greater evil of terrorism, but we must never pretend that doing so is anything better than a lesser evil. In making this case, Ignatieff traces the modern history of terrorism and counter-terrorism, from the nihilists of Czarist Russia and the militias of Weimar Germany to the IRA and the unprecedented menace of Al Qaeda, with its suicidal agents bent on mass destruction. He shows how the most potent response to terror has been force, decisive and direct, but--just as important--restrained. The public scrutiny and political ethics that motivate restraint also give democracy its strongest weapon: the moral power to endure when the furies of vengeance and hatred are spent. The book is based on the Gifford Lectures delivered at the University of Edinburgh in 2003.

Political ethics --- Terrorism --- Democracy --- Morale politique --- Terrorisme --- Démocratie --- Démocratie --- International relations --- Acts of terrorism --- Attacks, Terrorist --- Global terrorism --- International terrorism --- Political terrorism --- Terror attacks --- Terrorist acts --- Terrorist attacks --- World terrorism --- Direct action --- Insurgency --- Political crimes and offenses --- Subversive activities --- Political violence --- Terror --- Ethics, Political --- Ethics in government --- Government ethics --- Political science --- Politics, Practical --- Ethics --- Civics --- Moral and ethical aspects --- Political ethics. --- Terrorism. --- Moral and ethical aspects. --- Accountability. --- Al-Qaeda. --- Appeasement. --- Assassination. --- Authoritarianism. --- Civil disobedience. --- Civil liberties. --- Civilian. --- Clandestine cell system. --- Coercion. --- Colonialism. --- Complicity. --- Consent of the governed. --- Consideration. --- Counter-terrorism. --- Crime. --- Criticism. --- Cruel and unusual punishment. --- Declaration of war. --- Deliberation. --- Democracy. --- Derogation. --- Dictatorship. --- Dirty War. --- Due process. --- Enemy combatant. --- Equal Protection Clause. --- Extrajudicial killing. --- Extremism. --- Failed state. --- Fellow traveller. --- Forced disappearance. --- Freedom of speech. --- Habeas corpus. --- Impunity. --- Individualism. --- Institution. --- Intelligence agency. --- International Atomic Energy Agency. --- International human rights law. --- International law. --- Internment. --- Interrogation. --- Intimidation. --- Judiciary. --- Law of war. --- Legislation. --- Legislature. --- Legitimacy (political). --- Liberal democracy. --- Liberalism. --- Michael Walzer. --- Military dictatorship. --- National security. --- Necessity. --- Nonviolence. --- Nonviolent resistance. --- Nuclear weapon. --- Obedience (human behavior). --- Osama bin Laden. --- Patriot Act. --- Perfidy. --- Political strategy. --- Political violence. --- Politician. --- Politics. --- Politique. --- Precedent. --- Precommitment. --- Preemptive war. --- Prerogative. --- Pretext. --- Princeton University Press. --- Proscription. --- Public policy. --- Public security. --- Racism. --- Reprisal. --- Rogue state. --- Royal prerogative. --- Rule of law. --- Saddam Hussein. --- Search and seizure. --- Security forces. --- Self-determination. --- Separation of powers. --- State of emergency. --- Suicide attack. --- Superiority (short story). --- Targeted killing. --- The Public Interest. --- Torture. --- Totalitarianism. --- Tyranny of the majority. --- Uncertainty. --- United Nations Convention against Torture. --- War. --- Weapon of mass destruction. --- Westphalian sovereignty.

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"Up until the 1980s, the contemporary art field was a West-centric game. The postwar canon of "international" contemporary art almost exclusively consisted of artists from the U.S. and Western Europe, while artists from other world regions found themselves on the outside looking in. But over the past thirty years, a new phase of globalization has dramatically affected the contemporary visual arts. A whirlwind of changes-including the worldwide proliferation of biennials and museums, the far-reaching expansion of art fairs and auction houses, and the rise of global discourses and new internet platforms-have combined to establish a novel global art field that has come to include places in Oceania, Asia, Latin America, and Africa in qualitatively new ways. The Global Rules of Art examines the dynamics that have led to the formation of this global field in order to illuminate its emerging structures, its unique institutional circuits and brokers, and some of its evolving art practices and rules. In the first part of the book, Buchholz draws on archival research and data on the diffusion of art institutions across 149 countries to explore the institutional level emergence of the global art field. She then turns to the consequences of these global changes for the recognition of artists from different parts of the world. By analyzing the career trajectories of nearly 200 worldwide leading artists, Buchholz reveals a dual economy of valuation that is fundamentally split between art and money: the higher the artist's transnational economic success, the lower the symbolic capital and vice versa. The third part of the book illuminates how the global art field's forms of recognition unfold for artists outside the traditional Western centers through case studies of two artists, Gabriel Orozco form Mexico and Yue Minjun from China. Buchholz charts their careers and reconstructs how these "peripheral" artists navigated different gatekeepers, power dynamics, and discursive forces in their journey toward global success"-- Provided by publisher.

Art --- Art and globalization. --- Marketing. --- 1900-2099 --- Andy Warhol. --- Art Basel. --- Art Express. --- Art Journal (College Art Association journal). --- Art auction. --- Art critic. --- Art criticism. --- Art department. --- Art for art's sake. --- Art group. --- Art history. --- Art methodology. --- Art movement. --- Artforum. --- Artnet. --- Artprice. --- Auction. --- Capital control. --- Career. --- Central bank. --- Commercial art. --- Competition (economics). --- Competitive landscape. --- Contemporary art. --- Core business. --- Cultural Revolution. --- Cultural capital. --- Cultural imperialism. --- Curator. --- Currency. --- Deterritorialization. --- Documenta. --- Economic capital. --- Economic globalization. --- Ethnoscape. --- Externality. --- Fluxus. --- General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade. --- Geopolitics. --- Global Exchange. --- Global Finance (magazine). --- Global Leadership. --- Global Map. --- Global administrative law. --- Global city. --- Global field. --- Global imbalances. --- Global issue. --- Global justice. --- Global saving glut. --- Global strategy. --- Global studies. --- Globalism. --- Globality. --- Globalization. --- Headline. --- Imperialism. --- India Art Fair. --- Infrastructure. --- Institution. --- International Competition Network. --- International Monetary Fund. --- International Style (architecture). --- International economics. --- International law. --- International monetary systems. --- International organization. --- International relations. --- Internationalization. --- Jeff Koons. --- Kunsthalle. --- Kunstmuseum Basel. --- Land art. --- Law of war. --- Market liquidity. --- Mercantilism. --- National symbol. --- Nationalization. --- New International Economic Order. --- Policy. --- Pop art. --- Principles (retailer). --- Protectionism. --- Public international law. --- Regional policy. --- Regulatory state. --- Sociology of art. --- Sotheby's. --- Spanish art. --- Symbolic capital. --- Technological determinism. --- Trade association. --- Trade war. --- Transnationalism. --- Venice Biennale. --- Visual art of the United States. --- Wang Guangyi. --- World Trade Organization. --- World economy. --- World history.