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This report examines various approaches to conducting a case weighting analysis (CWA), and offers some good practices and several lessons. The report discusses the limitations of the CWA technique and offers some possible substitute approaches. The report aims to help policy makers and international partners to decide whether and when to undertake a CWA or one of several alternatives and to guide them through the various design options.

Law and Development

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Freight forwarders play a key role in moving goods across international borders. They arrange transport, oversee customs clearance on behalf of their clients, and more generally troubleshoot issues that arise while goods are in transit. This paper reports the results from a survey of 153 freight forwarding firms in Serbia. Respondents report on firm characteristics, operational choices, and conditions at the border posts and terminals where imported goods are cleared for release. One key purpose of the study is to investigate operational trade-offs between time and cost that arise when import shipments are in transit. In three of four hypotheticals, respondents suggest that money savings dominate time savings. Responses regarding real operational decisions such as route choices reinforce this finding. Respondents also reported penalty rates for late delivery of import shipments as well as the value of a typical import shipment. From these responses, it is estimated that the contracted value of one additional (unexpected) day of delivery time in Serbia appears to be approximately 1 percent of the value of the underlying shipment.

Industry --- Law and Development --- Transport

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As the SDGs become reality, countries continue to seek for options to meet the new goals and to keep track of their progress. This includes efforts related to the new Goal 16, "Justice and Peace". Achieving the SDGs requires implementation in many areas. Today, courts in many countries are undergoing reforms, are interested in hearing about new trends in court operations elsewhere and in tracking court performance. The World Bank's new publication "Good Practice for Courts-Helpful Elements for Good Court Performance and the World Bank's Quality of Judicial Process Indicator (QJPI)" addresses this desire. Focusing on the 15 QJPI good practice areas, the publication reflects the findings from country studies and other reports from around the world that show how modern management approaches and advanced technologies provide new opportunities for courts and other justice sector agencies to modernize their operations to better reflect the changing needs of their communities as well as those of national and international markets. Simultaneously, the OECD, in collaboration with the Open Society Foundation, are focusing on collecting and highlighting innovative country approaches to promote access to legal and justice services as determinant of inclusive growth and contributor to the realization of Sustainable Development Goals.

Law and Development --- Law and Justice Institutions

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In an effort to help the Montenegrin Government in its efforts to implement reforms andmodernization of the judiciary, the World Bank conducted a survey dealing with the perception of the judiciary through five basic dimensions - efficiency, quality, fairness, accessibility, and integrity (independence of the judiciary and the presence of corruption). The survey also deals with comparison of perceptions of the work of the judiciary by various stakeholders: users of court services (general population and business sector), providers of court services (judges, prosecutors, and court administration) and lawyers as intermediaries between users and providers of court services.

Fairness --- Judicial Reform --- Law and Development

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How can patrimonial local-level governance be reformed? Debates on this topic have focused largely on the possibility of reform via pressure from above (superordinate leaders) or below (citizens). This paper tests whether horizontal pressures from civil society leaders can reform local governance in a context where neither of these mechanisms operates effectively. The study analyzes an experimental intervention in Zimbabwe intended to reduce abuse of power by village heads. Analytic leverage comes from the fact that the 270 study villages were randomly assigned to two variants of the intervention, one in which only village heads were trained on the framework governing village leadership, and one in which civil society leaders were trained alongside village heads. The results suggest that horizontal pressure from civil society leaders increased village heads' knowledge of and compliance with regulated procedures, improved their management of issues and raised citizens' trust in their leadership. A quantitative and qualitative analysis of the mechanisms through which the trained civil society leaders had these effects suggests they accomplished reform by directly applying social pressure on village heads to abide by regulations.

Governance --- Law and Development --- Public Sector Development --- Social Development