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This revised and expanded second edition of The United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) continues to offer a concise and comprehensive introduction to both the world of refugees and the organizations that protect and assist them. This updated edition also includes:up to date coverage of the UNHCR's most recent history and policy developmentsevaluation of new thinking on issues such as working in UN integrated operations and within the UN peacebuilding commission assessment of the UNHCR's record of working for IDP's (internally displaced p

Migration. Refugees --- United Nations --- Refugees --- Government policy. --- International cooperation. --- Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. --- Government policy --- International cooperation --- A.C.N.U.R. --- ACNUR --- Agência da ONU para Refugiados --- Agencia de la ONU para los Refugiados --- Alto Comisionado de las Naciones Unidas para los Refugiados --- Alto Comisionado de Naciones Unidas para los Refugiados --- Alto Comissariado das Nações Unidas para Refugiados --- Alto commissariato delle Nazioni Unite per i rifugiati --- Cao ủy của Liên Hợp Quốc về người tị nạn --- Cao ủy Liên Hiệp Quó̂c vè̂ người tị nạn --- Cao ủy Liên Hợp Quốc về người tị nạn --- Cao uỷ Tị nạn Liên Hiệp Quó̂c --- Flüchtlingshochkommissariat der Vereinten Nationen --- Grapheio tēs Hypatēs Harmosteias tōn Hēnōmenōn Ethnōn gia tous Prosphyges --- Haut commissariat des Nations Unies pour les réfugiés --- HCR --- Hypatē Harmosteia Hēnōmenōn Ethnōn gia tous Prosphyges --- Hypatē Harmosteia tōn Hēnōmenōn Ethnōn gia tous Prosphyges --- Înaltul Comisariat al Națiunilor Unite pentru Refugiați --- Ishami ry'Umuryango w'Abibumbye ryita ku Mpunzi --- Kokuren Nanmin Kōtō Benmukan Jimusho --- Mufawwaḍīyah al-Sāmiyah lil-Umam al-Muttaḥidah li-Shuʼūn al-Lājiʼīn --- Mufawwaḍīyat al-Umam al-Muttaḥidah li-Shuʼūn al-Lājiʼīn --- مفوضية الأمم المتحدة لشؤون اللاجئين --- Oficina del Alto Comisionado de las Naciones Unidas para los Refugiados --- Oficina del Alto Comisionado de las Naciones Unidas para Refugiados --- United Nations. Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees --- United Nations. High Commissioner for Refugees --- U.N.H.C.R. --- UNHCR --- Verenigde Naties. Hoge commissaris voor de vluchtelingen --- United Nations. Alto Comisionado para los Refugiados --- United Nations. Flüchtlingshochkommissariat --- United Nations. High Commission for Refugees --- United Nations. High Commission on Refugees --- United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees --- United Nations. Hochkommissariat für Flüchtlinge --- United Nations. Oficina del Alto Comisionado para Refugiados --- Upravlenie Verkhovnogo komissara OON po delam bezhent︠s︡ev --- Upravlinni︠a︡ Verkhovnoho komisara OON u spravakh biz︠h︡ent︠s︡iv --- Ured Visokog komesara Ujedinjenih naroda za izbjeglice --- UVKB OON --- Verkhovnyĭ komissar Organizat︠s︡ii Obʺedinennykh Nat︠s︡iĭ po delam bezhent︠s︡ev --- Visoki komisariat Združenih Narodov za begunce --- VKBOON --- ICNUR --- Yuen Nanmin Kigu --- 유엔 난민 기구 --- International Refugee Organization

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First Published in 2003. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.

Refugees --- Réfugiés --- Government policy. --- Politique gouvernementale --- Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. --- Réfugiés --- A.C.N.U.R. --- ACNUR --- Agência da ONU para Refugiados --- Agencia de la ONU para los Refugiados --- Alto Comisionado de las Naciones Unidas para los Refugiados --- Alto Comisionado de Naciones Unidas para los Refugiados --- Alto Comissariado das Nações Unidas para Refugiados --- Alto commissariato delle Nazioni Unite per i rifugiati --- Cao ủy của Liên Hợp Quốc về người tị nạn --- Cao ủy Liên Hiệp Quó̂c vè̂ người tị nạn --- Cao ủy Liên Hợp Quốc về người tị nạn --- Cao uỷ Tị nạn Liên Hiệp Quó̂c --- Flüchtlingshochkommissariat der Vereinten Nationen --- Grapheio tēs Hypatēs Harmosteias tōn Hēnōmenōn Ethnōn gia tous Prosphyges --- Haut commissariat des Nations Unies pour les réfugiés --- HCR --- Hypatē Harmosteia Hēnōmenōn Ethnōn gia tous Prosphyges --- Hypatē Harmosteia tōn Hēnōmenōn Ethnōn gia tous Prosphyges --- Înaltul Comisariat al Națiunilor Unite pentru Refugiați --- Ishami ry'Umuryango w'Abibumbye ryita ku Mpunzi --- Kokuren Nanmin Kōtō Benmukan Jimusho --- Mufawwaḍīyah al-Sāmiyah lil-Umam al-Muttaḥidah li-Shuʼūn al-Lājiʼīn --- Mufawwaḍīyat al-Umam al-Muttaḥidah li-Shuʼūn al-Lājiʼīn --- مفوضية الأمم المتحدة لشؤون اللاجئين --- Oficina del Alto Comisionado de las Naciones Unidas para los Refugiados --- Oficina del Alto Comisionado de las Naciones Unidas para Refugiados --- United Nations. --- U.N.H.C.R. --- UNHCR --- United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees --- Upravlenie Verkhovnogo komissara OON po delam bezhent︠s︡ev --- Upravlinni︠a︡ Verkhovnoho komisara OON u spravakh biz︠h︡ent︠s︡iv --- Ured Visokog komesara Ujedinjenih naroda za izbjeglice --- UVKB OON --- Verkhovnyĭ komissar Organizat︠s︡ii Obʺedinennykh Nat︠s︡iĭ po delam bezhent︠s︡ev --- Visoki komisariat Združenih Narodov za begunce --- VKBOON --- ICNUR --- International Refugee Organization --- Yuen Nanmin Kigu --- 유엔 난민 기구 --- United Nations. Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees --- United Nations. High Commissioner for Refugees --- Verenigde Naties. Hoge commissaris voor de vluchtelingen --- United Nations. Alto Comisionado para los Refugiados --- United Nations. Flüchtlingshochkommissariat --- United Nations. High Commission for Refugees --- United Nations. High Commission on Refugees --- United Nations. Hochkommissariat für Flüchtlinge --- United Nations. Oficina del Alto Comisionado para Refugiados

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Asylum, Right of --- Refugees --- Legal status, laws, etc. --- Migration. Refugees --- European law --- Law of armed conflicts. Humanitarian law --- Human rights --- United Nations --- European Union --- Displaced persons --- Persons --- Aliens --- Deportees --- Exiles --- Legal status, laws, etc --- Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. --- A.C.N.U.R. --- ACNUR --- Agência da ONU para Refugiados --- Agencia de la ONU para los Refugiados --- Alto Comisionado de las Naciones Unidas para los Refugiados --- Alto Comisionado de Naciones Unidas para los Refugiados --- Alto Comissariado das Nações Unidas para Refugiados --- Alto commissariato delle Nazioni Unite per i rifugiati --- Cao ủy của Liên Hợp Quốc về người tị nạn --- Cao ủy Liên Hiệp Quó̂c vè̂ người tị nạn --- Cao ủy Liên Hợp Quốc về người tị nạn --- Cao uỷ Tị nạn Liên Hiệp Quó̂c --- Flüchtlingshochkommissariat der Vereinten Nationen --- Grapheio tēs Hypatēs Harmosteias tōn Hēnōmenōn Ethnōn gia tous Prosphyges --- Haut commissariat des Nations Unies pour les réfugiés --- HCR --- Hypatē Harmosteia Hēnōmenōn Ethnōn gia tous Prosphyges --- Hypatē Harmosteia tōn Hēnōmenōn Ethnōn gia tous Prosphyges --- Înaltul Comisariat al Națiunilor Unite pentru Refugiați --- Ishami ry'Umuryango w'Abibumbye ryita ku Mpunzi --- Kokuren Nanmin Kōtō Benmukan Jimusho --- Mufawwaḍīyah al-Sāmiyah lil-Umam al-Muttaḥidah li-Shuʼūn al-Lājiʼīn --- Mufawwaḍīyat al-Umam al-Muttaḥidah li-Shuʼūn al-Lājiʼīn --- مفوضية الأمم المتحدة لشؤون اللاجئين --- Oficina del Alto Comisionado de las Naciones Unidas para los Refugiados --- Oficina del Alto Comisionado de las Naciones Unidas para Refugiados --- United Nations. --- U.N.H.C.R. --- UNHCR --- United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees --- Upravlenie Verkhovnogo komissara OON po delam bezhent︠s︡ev --- Upravlinni︠a︡ Verkhovnoho komisara OON u spravakh biz︠h︡ent︠s︡iv --- Ured Visokog komesara Ujedinjenih naroda za izbjeglice --- UVKB OON --- Verkhovnyĭ komissar Organizat︠s︡ii Obʺedinennykh Nat︠s︡iĭ po delam bezhent︠s︡ev --- Visoki komisariat Združenih Narodov za begunce --- VKBOON --- ICNUR --- International Refugee Organization --- Yuen Nanmin Kigu --- 유엔 난민 기구 --- United Nations. Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees --- United Nations. High Commissioner for Refugees --- Verenigde Naties. Hoge commissaris voor de vluchtelingen --- United Nations. Alto Comisionado para los Refugiados --- United Nations. Flüchtlingshochkommissariat --- United Nations. High Commission for Refugees --- United Nations. High Commission on Refugees --- United Nations. Hochkommissariat für Flüchtlinge --- United Nations. Oficina del Alto Comisionado para Refugiados

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This book investigates the rise of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) as a global security actor, following the refugee agency through some of the past two decades’ major conflict-induced humanitarian crises and complex emergencies, including Afghanistan, Bosnia, Iraq, Kosovo and eastern Zaire/Congo. It analyses UNHCR’s momentous transformation from a small, timid legal protection agency to the world’s foremost humanitarian actor playing a central role in the international response to the many wars of the tumultuous last decade of the twentieth century. Then, as the twenty-first century set in, the agency’s political prominence waned. It remains a major humanitarian actor, but the polarized post-9/11 period and a worsening protection climate for refugees and asylum seekers spurred UNHCR to abandon its claim to be a global security actor and return to a more modest, quietly diplomatic role. The rise of UNHCR as a global security actor is placed within the context of the dramatic shift in perceptions of national and international security after the end of the Cold War. Prominent among ‘new’ security issues were the perceived threats posed by refugees and asylum seekers to international security, state stability, and societal cohesion. This book investigates UNHCR’s response to this new international environment; adopting, adapting and finally abandoning a security discourse on the refugee problem.

Security, International. --- International cooperation. --- International relations. --- Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. --- Coexistence --- Foreign affairs --- Foreign policy --- Foreign relations --- Global governance --- Interdependence of nations --- International affairs --- Peaceful coexistence --- World order --- National security --- Sovereignty --- World politics --- Cooperation, International --- Institutions, International --- International institutions --- Cooperation --- International relations --- International organization --- Collective security --- International security --- Disarmament --- Peace --- A.C.N.U.R. --- ACNUR --- Agência da ONU para Refugiados --- Agencia de la ONU para los Refugiados --- Alto Comisionado de las Naciones Unidas para los Refugiados --- Alto Comisionado de Naciones Unidas para los Refugiados --- Alto Comissariado das Nações Unidas para Refugiados --- Alto commissariato delle Nazioni Unite per i rifugiati --- Cao ủy của Liên Hợp Quốc về người tị nạn --- Cao ủy Liên Hiệp Quó̂c vè̂ người tị nạn --- Cao ủy Liên Hợp Quốc về người tị nạn --- Cao uỷ Tị nạn Liên Hiệp Quó̂c --- Flüchtlingshochkommissariat der Vereinten Nationen --- Grapheio tēs Hypatēs Harmosteias tōn Hēnōmenōn Ethnōn gia tous Prosphyges --- Haut commissariat des Nations Unies pour les réfugiés --- HCR --- Hypatē Harmosteia Hēnōmenōn Ethnōn gia tous Prosphyges --- Hypatē Harmosteia tōn Hēnōmenōn Ethnōn gia tous Prosphyges --- Înaltul Comisariat al Națiunilor Unite pentru Refugiați --- Ishami ry'Umuryango w'Abibumbye ryita ku Mpunzi --- Kokuren Nanmin Kōtō Benmukan Jimusho --- Mufawwaḍīyah al-Sāmiyah lil-Umam al-Muttaḥidah li-Shuʼūn al-Lājiʼīn --- Mufawwaḍīyat al-Umam al-Muttaḥidah li-Shuʼūn al-Lājiʼīn --- مفوضية الأمم المتحدة لشؤون اللاجئين --- Oficina del Alto Comisionado de las Naciones Unidas para los Refugiados --- Oficina del Alto Comisionado de las Naciones Unidas para Refugiados --- United Nations. --- U.N.H.C.R. --- UNHCR --- United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees --- Upravlenie Verkhovnogo komissara OON po delam bezhent︠s︡ev --- Upravlinni︠a︡ Verkhovnoho komisara OON u spravakh biz︠h︡ent︠s︡iv --- Ured Visokog komesara Ujedinjenih naroda za izbjeglice --- UVKB OON --- Verkhovnyĭ komissar Organizat︠s︡ii Obʺedinennykh Nat︠s︡iĭ po delam bezhent︠s︡ev --- Visoki komisariat Združenih Narodov za begunce --- VKBOON --- ICNUR --- International Refugee Organization --- Yuen Nanmin Kigu --- 유엔 난민 기구 --- United Nations. Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees --- United Nations. High Commissioner for Refugees --- Verenigde Naties. Hoge commissaris voor de vluchtelingen --- United Nations. Alto Comisionado para los Refugiados --- United Nations. Flüchtlingshochkommissariat --- United Nations. High Commission for Refugees --- United Nations. High Commission on Refugees --- United Nations. Hochkommissariat für Flüchtlinge --- United Nations. Oficina del Alto Comisionado para Refugiados --- Security, International --- International cooperation

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States located near crisis zones are most likely to see an influx of people fleeing from manmade disasters; African states, for instance, are forced to accommodate and adjust to refugees more often than do European states far away from sites of upheaval. Geography dictates that states least able to pay the costs associated with refugees are those most likely to have them cross their borders. Therefore, refugee protection has historically been characterized by a North-South impasse. While Southern states have had to open their borders to refugees fleeing conflict or human rights abuses in neighboring states, Northern states have had little obligation or incentive to contribute to protecting refugees in the South. In recent years, however, the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) has sought to foster greater international cooperation within the global refugee regime through special conferences at which Northern states are pushed to contribute to the costs of protection for refugees in the South. These initiatives, Alexander Betts finds in Protection by Persuasion, can overcome the North-South impasse and lead to significant cooperation. Betts shows that Northern states will contribute to such efforts when they recognize a substantive relationship between refugee protection in the South and their own interests in such issues as security, immigration, and trade. Highlighting the mechanisms through which UNHCR has been able to persuade Northern states that such links exist, Protection by Persuasion makes clear that refugee protection is a global concern, most effectively addressed when geographic realities are overridden by the perception of interdependence.

Refugees --- Displaced persons --- Persons --- Aliens --- Deportees --- Exiles --- Government policy --- International cooperation --- Protection --- Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. --- A.C.N.U.R. --- ACNUR --- Agência da ONU para Refugiados --- Agencia de la ONU para los Refugiados --- Alto Comisionado de las Naciones Unidas para los Refugiados --- Alto Comisionado de Naciones Unidas para los Refugiados --- Alto Comissariado das Nações Unidas para Refugiados --- Alto commissariato delle Nazioni Unite per i rifugiati --- Cao ủy của Liên Hợp Quốc về người tị nạn --- Cao ủy Liên Hiệp Quó̂c vè̂ người tị nạn --- Cao ủy Liên Hợp Quốc về người tị nạn --- Cao uỷ Tị nạn Liên Hiệp Quó̂c --- Flüchtlingshochkommissariat der Vereinten Nationen --- Grapheio tēs Hypatēs Harmosteias tōn Hēnōmenōn Ethnōn gia tous Prosphyges --- Haut commissariat des Nations Unies pour les réfugiés --- HCR --- Hypatē Harmosteia Hēnōmenōn Ethnōn gia tous Prosphyges --- Hypatē Harmosteia tōn Hēnōmenōn Ethnōn gia tous Prosphyges --- Înaltul Comisariat al Națiunilor Unite pentru Refugiați --- Ishami ry'Umuryango w'Abibumbye ryita ku Mpunzi --- Kokuren Nanmin Kōtō Benmukan Jimusho --- Mufawwaḍīyah al-Sāmiyah lil-Umam al-Muttaḥidah li-Shuʼūn al-Lājiʼīn --- Mufawwaḍīyat al-Umam al-Muttaḥidah li-Shuʼūn al-Lājiʼīn --- مفوضية الأمم المتحدة لشؤون اللاجئين --- Oficina del Alto Comisionado de las Naciones Unidas para los Refugiados --- Oficina del Alto Comisionado de las Naciones Unidas para Refugiados --- United Nations. --- U.N.H.C.R. --- UNHCR --- United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees --- Upravlenie Verkhovnogo komissara OON po delam bezhent︠s︡ev --- Upravlinni︠a︡ Verkhovnoho komisara OON u spravakh biz︠h︡ent︠s︡iv --- Ured Visokog komesara Ujedinjenih naroda za izbjeglice --- UVKB OON --- Verkhovnyĭ komissar Organizat︠s︡ii Obʺedinennykh Nat︠s︡iĭ po delam bezhent︠s︡ev --- Visoki komisariat Združenih Narodov za begunce --- VKBOON --- ICNUR --- Yuen Nanmin Kigu --- 유엔 난민 기구 --- International Refugee Organization --- Flüchtling --- Flüchtlingspolitik --- Internationale Kooperation --- Refugees--Government policy. --- Refugees--International cooperation. --- Refugees--Protection. --- Regierung --- Schutz --- Vereinte Nationen --- Hoher Kommissar für Flüchtlinge --- Migration. Refugees --- Protection. --- Government policy. --- International cooperation. --- United Nations. Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees --- United Nations. High Commissioner for Refugees --- Verenigde Naties. Hoge commissaris voor de vluchtelingen --- United Nations. Alto Comisionado para los Refugiados --- United Nations. Flüchtlingshochkommissariat --- United Nations. High Commission for Refugees --- United Nations. High Commission on Refugees --- United Nations. Hochkommissariat für Flüchtlinge --- United Nations. Oficina del Alto Comisionado para Refugiados