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Physics and Fuel Performance of Reactor-Based Plutonium Disposition : Workshop Proceedings - Paris, France, 28-30 September 1998
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ISBN: 1280034106 9264173382 9786610034109 9264173381 9264170502 Year: 1999 Publisher: Paris : OECD Publishing,

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Abstract

Following recent disarmament agreements, the Russian Federation and the USA have declared part of their stockpiles of weapons-grade plutonium as a surplus to their national defense needs. This material needs to be disposed of, and one of the suggested means of doing so is burning it in existing reactors and transforming the material into spent fuel. The experience in these two countries with mixed oxide fuel (MOX) is either dated or scarce. Several European countries and Japan, however, have acquired much experience in using MOX fuel in reactors which was shared at this important workshop. This publication presents the workshop results which reviewed existing technical information from the civil nuclear power programmes that are beneficial to weapons-grade plutonium disposition. It also proposes concrete actions that could help expedite this process in the near future.

Mixed oxide fuel (Mox) : exploitation and destruction in power reactors
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ISBN: 0792334736 904814549X 9401722889 9780792334736 Year: 1995 Volume: 2 Publisher: Dordrecht ; Norwell, MA : Kluwer,


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Norrsken 92: Biennale för Ung Nordisk Konst
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Year: 1992 Publisher: Göteborg Göteborgs Konstmuseum


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Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology for Sustainable Energy and Environmental Applications
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ISBN: 3036552308 3036552294 Year: 2022 Publisher: MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute

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Materials play a very important role in the technological development of a society. As a consequence, the continuous demand for more advanced and sophisticated applications is closely linked to the availability of innovative materials. Although aspects related to the study, the synthesis and the applications of materials are of interdisciplinary interest, in the last few years, great attention has been paid to the development of advanced materials for environmental preservation and sustainable energy technologies, such as gaseous pollutant monitoring, waste water treatment, catalysis, carbon dioxide valorization, green fuel production, energy saving, water adsorption and clean technologies. This Special Issue aims at covering the current design, synthesis and characterization of innovative advanced materials, as well as novel nanotechnologies able to offer promising solutions to the these pressing themes.


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Photonic Technology for Precision Metrology
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Year: 2022 Publisher: Basel MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute

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Photonics has had a decisive influence on recent scientific and technological achievements. It includes aspects of photon generation and photon–matter interaction. Although it finds many applications in the whole optical range of the wavelengths, most solutions operate in the visible and infrared range. Since the invention of the laser, a source of highly coherent optical radiation, optical measurements have become the perfect tool for highly precise and accurate measurements. Such measurements have the additional advantages of requiring no contact and a fast rate suitable for in-process metrology. However, their extreme precision is ultimately limited by, e.g., the noise of both lasers and photodetectors. The Special Issue of the Applied Science is devoted to the cutting-edge uses of optical sources, detectors, and optoelectronics systems in numerous fields of science and technology (e.g., industry, environment, healthcare, telecommunication, security, and space). The aim is to provide detail on state-of-the-art photonic technology for precision metrology and identify future developmental directions. This issue focuses on metrology principles and measurement instrumentation in optical technology to solve challenging engineering problems.


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Development of CMOS-MEMS/NEMS Devices
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ISBN: 3039210696 3039210688 Year: 2019 Publisher: MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute

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Micro and nano-electro-mechanical system (M/NEMS) devices constitute key technological building blocks to enable increased additional functionalities within Integrated Circuits (ICs) in the More-Than-Moore era, as described in the International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors. The CMOS ICs and M/NEMS dies can be combined in the same package (SiP), or integrated within a single chip (SoC). In the SoC approach the M/NEMS devices are monolithically integrated together with CMOS circuitry allowing the development of compact and low-cost CMOS-M/NEMS devices for multiple applications (physical sensors, chemical sensors, biosensors, actuators, energy actuators, filters, mechanical relays, and others). On-chip CMOS electronics integration can overcome limitations related to the extremely low-level signals in sub-micrometer and nanometer scale electromechanical transducers enabling novel breakthrough applications. This Special Issue aims to gather high quality research contributions dealing with MEMS and NEMS devices monolithically integrated with CMOS, independently of the final application and fabrication approach adopted (MEMS-first, interleaved MEMS, MEMS-last or others).]


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Photonic Technology for Precision Metrology
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Year: 2022 Publisher: Basel MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute

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Abstract

Photonics has had a decisive influence on recent scientific and technological achievements. It includes aspects of photon generation and photon–matter interaction. Although it finds many applications in the whole optical range of the wavelengths, most solutions operate in the visible and infrared range. Since the invention of the laser, a source of highly coherent optical radiation, optical measurements have become the perfect tool for highly precise and accurate measurements. Such measurements have the additional advantages of requiring no contact and a fast rate suitable for in-process metrology. However, their extreme precision is ultimately limited by, e.g., the noise of both lasers and photodetectors. The Special Issue of the Applied Science is devoted to the cutting-edge uses of optical sources, detectors, and optoelectronics systems in numerous fields of science and technology (e.g., industry, environment, healthcare, telecommunication, security, and space). The aim is to provide detail on state-of-the-art photonic technology for precision metrology and identify future developmental directions. This issue focuses on metrology principles and measurement instrumentation in optical technology to solve challenging engineering problems.


Book
Photonic Technology for Precision Metrology
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Year: 2022 Publisher: Basel MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute

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Abstract

Photonics has had a decisive influence on recent scientific and technological achievements. It includes aspects of photon generation and photon–matter interaction. Although it finds many applications in the whole optical range of the wavelengths, most solutions operate in the visible and infrared range. Since the invention of the laser, a source of highly coherent optical radiation, optical measurements have become the perfect tool for highly precise and accurate measurements. Such measurements have the additional advantages of requiring no contact and a fast rate suitable for in-process metrology. However, their extreme precision is ultimately limited by, e.g., the noise of both lasers and photodetectors. The Special Issue of the Applied Science is devoted to the cutting-edge uses of optical sources, detectors, and optoelectronics systems in numerous fields of science and technology (e.g., industry, environment, healthcare, telecommunication, security, and space). The aim is to provide detail on state-of-the-art photonic technology for precision metrology and identify future developmental directions. This issue focuses on metrology principles and measurement instrumentation in optical technology to solve challenging engineering problems.


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Recent Advances in Volatile Organic Compound Analysis as Diagnostic Biomarkers
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ISBN: 3036553495 3036553509 Year: 2022 Publisher: MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute

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Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are a diverse group of carbon-based molecules that are volatile at ambient temperatures and are emitted by an organism as a result of metabolic processes of cells and associated microbiome. The qualitative and quantitative profile of VOCs in biological fluids can vary depending on the physiological changes. Therefore, the pattern of volatile metabolites may reflect the presence of several diseases. This has been intensively investigated in the last few decades, resulting in an increasing number of studies focused on new volatile biomarker discovery.This reprint aimed to summarize the recent findings related to VOCs detected in various biological fluids such as breath, urine and feces for biomedical applications. The content covers various topics, including but not limited to biomedical/medical application of VOC analysis, biomarker discovery, and novel approaches for sampling and analyzing VOCs.

Keywords

Research & information: general --- Chemistry --- liquid–liquid extraction --- volatile compounds --- urine --- method optimization --- GC-MS --- 1H-NMR --- iron deficiency anaemia --- iron supplementation --- volatile organic compounds (VOCs) --- intestinal metabolome --- gut microbiome --- CDH --- microbiome --- VOCs --- spiroergometry --- outcome --- exhaled breath --- eNose --- smoking --- asthma --- COPD --- NTD-GC-MS --- breath --- lung cancer --- biomarkers --- volatile organic compounds --- urine analysis --- comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography --- kidney diseases --- urinary biomarkers --- hepatocellular carcinoma --- diagnosis --- headspace analysis --- untargeted analysis --- breath analysis --- cancer biomarkers --- volatolomics --- whole grain --- rye --- comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography–mass spectrometry --- dietary fiber --- e-nose --- electronic nose --- breathing rhythm --- mechanical ventilation --- anesthesia --- supplemental oxygen --- oxygen toxicity --- lipid peroxidation --- volatile aldehydes --- pentanal --- hexanal --- classification models --- dairy cows --- fecal headspace --- Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis (MAP) --- paratuberculosis --- random forest --- stable air --- volatile organic compound (VOC) --- biomarker --- MCC–IMS --- ventilator-induced lung injury --- metabolome --- feces --- neonates --- fermentation --- protein --- carbohydrate --- short chain fatty acid --- metabolites --- volatile organic compound --- acute gastritis --- antibiotic treatment --- treatment dynamics: microbiota --- mid-infrared spectroscopy --- short-chain fatty acid --- alpha-keto acid --- Helicobacter pylori --- MOX sensors --- low sensing chamber volume --- calibration transfer --- standard samples --- piecewise direct standardization --- correlation alignment --- breath sampling --- pattern recognition

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