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Dans une société où il devient urgent de réduire l'empreinte environnementale des activités humaines, la première étape est de pouvoir faire un diagnostic de la qualité de notre environnement et des différentes matrices le constituant (eau, sol, atmosphère, déchets). Les microorganismes, de par leur petite taille, leur énorme diversité taxonomique et génétique, leur réactivité aux perturbations ainsi que par leur forte implication dans les cycles biogéochimiques gérant les flux de matière et d'énergie, sont des candidats incontournables pour élaborer ce diagnostic. Ceci est d'autant plus vrai que depuis une vingtaine d'années, les fortes évolutions méthodologiques dans le domaine de la biologie moléculaire ont permis de sublimer les techniques d'étude de ces microorganismes dans l'environnement. Le présent ouvrage décrit dans un premier chapitre les différentes techniques relevant de la microbiologie moléculaire capable de caractériser l'abondance, la diversité, l'activité et les potentialités fonctionnelles des communautés microbiennes indigènes de diverses matrices environnementales (eau, sol, atmosphère, déchets). Neuf fiches techniques viennent en appui de ce chapitre et expliquent l'intérêt et les limites des indicateurs qui en découlent. Le deuxième chapitre est constitué des fiches applications illustrant des utilisations réelles de ces techniques pour évaluer ou remédier à l'impact des activités humaines (agricoles, industrielles, urbaines) sur les différentes matrices environnementales. Enfin le troisième chapitre présente le caractère opérationnel de ces outils biologiques pouvant répondre à diverses questions environnementales
Molecular microbiology --- Environmental quality --- Microbiologie moléculaire. --- Environnement --- Métaomique. --- Qualité. --- Microbiologie moléculaire. --- Métaomique. --- Qualité.
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Après l'ère de la génomique, la métagénomique a envahi le domaine de la biologie. Permettant l'exploration du contenu génétique d'un échantillon issu d'un environnement complexe (sol, eau, végétal, microbiote animal, aliment, etc.), via le séquençage de l'ADN, la métagénomique repousse les limites imposées par la culture en milieu de laboratoire. Elle se caractérise par une production rapide et massive de données, et des traitements informatiques conséquents afin d'en retirer une information exploitable. Cet ouvrage fait le point sur les différentes technologies et les méthodes de production et d'analyses de données actuellement disponibles dans ce domaine. Il présente un panel des champs d'applications - agriculture, environnement, agroalimentaire et santé - qui bénéficient de l'apport de ces techniques pour mieux décrypter la diversité du monde vivant microbiologique. Il permettra aux étudiants, enseignants, chercheurs ou ingénieurs, quelle que soit leur spécialité en sciences de la vie ou de la Terre, de comprendre ces nouvelles approches, leurs mises en oeuvre et leurs limites.
Molecular genetics --- Molecular microbiology --- Molecular Biology. --- DNA. --- Metagenomics --- Génétique moléculaire --- Microbiologie moléculaire --- ADN --- Métagénomique --- Industrial applications --- Applications industrielles --- Metagenomics. --- Microbiologie moléculaire. --- ADN. --- Métagénomique. --- Applications industrielles. --- Industrial applications. --- Molecular Biology --- DNA
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This highly researched yeast, which represents a system used by cell biologists, geneticists and molecular biologists, has been given only minimal coverage in the literature. Its properties make it an excellent organism for DNA and related biotechnology reseach. This book, which is the first attempt to collate existing information in one source, will be an invaluable aid to those initiating projects with this organism.
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Molecular biology --- General microbiology --- General ecology and biosociology --- Molecular microbiology --- Microbiology --- Ecology --- Microbiologie moléculaire --- Microbiologie --- Ecologie --- Microbiologie moléculaire --- Algemene microbiologie --- Moleculaire biologie --- Algemene ecologie en biosociologie
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Maladies bactériennes --- Microbiologie moléculaire --- Bactéries pathogènes --- Relations hôte-parasite --- Virulence (microbiologie) --- Bacterial diseases --- Molecular microbiology. --- Bacteria --- Bacterial Infections --- Host-Parasite Interactions. --- Virulence. --- Pathogénicité --- Étiologie --- Prévention --- Pathogenesis. --- pathogenicity. --- etiology. --- prevention & control. --- Molecular microbiology --- Microorganisms --- Molecular bacteriology --- Microbiology --- Molecular biology --- Bacterial infections --- Communicable diseases --- Medical bacteriology --- Pathogenic bacteria --- Pathogenesis --- Molecular aspects --- Microbiologie moléculaire. --- Relations hôte-parasite. --- Pathogénicité. --- Étiologie. --- Prévention. --- Host Microbial Interactions --- pathogenicity --- etiology --- prevention & control --- Host Microbial Interactions.
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Microbial ecology. --- Molecular microbiology. --- Ecologie microbienne --- Microbiologie moléculaire --- Écologie microbienne --- microbial ecology --- Micro-organisme --- microorganisms --- Phylogénie --- Phylogeny --- Marqueur génétique --- genetic markers --- PCR --- Biosynthèse --- Biosynthesis --- Bioremédiation --- Bioremediation --- Contamination biologique --- Biological contamination --- Intéraction génotype environnement --- genotype environment interaction --- Milieu marin --- Marine environment --- Biologie du sol --- Soil biology --- Bioréacteur --- Bioreactors --- Flore microbienne --- microbial flora --- Microbiologie moléculaire --- Bioremediation.
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Environmental DNA (eDNA) refers to DNA that can be extracted from environmental samples (such as soil, water, feces, or air) without the prior isolation of any target organism. The analysis of environmental DNA has the potential of providing high-throughput information on taxa and functional genes in a given environment, and is easily amenable to the study of both aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. It can provide an understanding of past or present biological communities as well as their trophic relationships, and can thus offer useful insights into ecosystem functioning. There is now a rapidly-growing interest amongst biologists in applying analysis of environmental DNA to their own research. However, good practices and protocols dealing with environmental DNA are currently widely dispersed across numerous papers, with many of them presenting only preliminary results and using a diversity of methods. In this context, the principal objective of this practical handbook is to provide biologists (both students and researchers) with the scientific background necessary to assist with the understanding and implementation of best practices and analyses based on environmental DNA.
Microbial ecology. --- Environmental monitoring. --- Molecular microbiology. --- Environmental sciences. --- Écologie microbienne. --- Environnement --- Microbiologie moléculaire. --- Sciences de l'environnement. --- Surveillance. --- Surveillance --- Ecological genetics --- Metagenomics --- Genomes --- Gene expression --- Genes --- Genetic regulation --- Genetics --- Genomics --- Haploidy --- Community genomics (Microbiology) --- Ecogenomics (Microbiology) --- Environmental genomics (Microbiology) --- Population genomics (Microbiology) --- Microbial genomics --- Ecology --- Analysis --- Expression --- Biodiversiteit --- 504.2 --- Milieu --- Ecosystemen --- DNA --- Écologie microbienne. --- Microbiologie moléculaire.
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In this special issue review articles summarize the most outstanding features of microorganisms that can survive under extreme conditions. These microorganisms are adapted to living at 100° C in volcanic springs, at low temperatures in the cold polar seas, at high pressure in the deep sea, at very low and high pH values (pH 0-1 or pH 10-11), or at very high salt concentrations (35%). The latest findings on the molecular biology and the protein structure of these exotic organisms are presented. In addition, the potential applications of extremophiles are reviewed, including the production of enzymes, compatible solutes and the use of these extremophiles in the degradation of xenobiotics.
Biotechnologie microbienne --- Microbial biotechnology --- Microbiologie [Moleculaire ] --- Microbiologie moléculaire --- Microbiële biotechnologie --- Microorganisms--Molecular aspects --- Moleculaire microbiologie --- Molecular bacteriology --- Molecular microbiology --- Chemistry --- Biotechnology --- Chemical engineering --- Microbiology --- Milieux extrêmes--Microbiologie --- 66.098 --- 579.66 --- 57.043 --- 57.045 --- Biological processes. Biotechnology --- Industrial and chemical microbiology --- Physical and other mechanical factors. --- Meteorological, climatic and cosmic factors --- Industrial Microbiology --- Bacterial Proteins --- Archaea --- Organisms --- Biological Science Disciplines --- Technology --- Proteins --- Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins --- Biology --- Technology, Industry, and Agriculture --- Natural Science Disciplines --- Technology, Industry, Agriculture --- Disciplines and Occupations --- Chemicals and Drugs --- 57.045 Meteorological, climatic and cosmic factors --- 57.043 Physical and other mechanical factors. --- 579.66 Industrial and chemical microbiology --- 66.098 Biological processes. Biotechnology --- Extreme environments --- Biotechnology. --- Microbiology. --- Chemical engineering. --- Industrial Chemistry/Chemical Engineering. --- Chemistry, Industrial --- Engineering, Chemical --- Industrial chemistry --- Engineering --- Chemistry, Technical --- Metallurgy --- Microbial biology --- Microorganisms --- Genetic engineering
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Molecular biology --- General microbiology --- Molecular microbiology --- Microbiology --- Microbiologie moléculaire --- Periodicals --- periodicals --- Périodiques --- Molecular Biology --- Microbiologie --- Biologie moléculaire --- Microbiology. --- Molecular Biology. --- Molecular microbiology. --- 579.22 --- 577.2 --- 579 --- 57 --- Biochemical Genetics --- Biology, Molecular --- Genetics, Biochemical --- Genetics, Molecular --- Molecular Genetics --- Biochemical Genetic --- Genetic, Biochemical --- Genetic, Molecular --- Molecular Genetic --- Infectious Disease Medicine --- Biochemistry and physiology of microorganisms --- Molecular bases of life. Molecular biology --- Biological sciences in general --- Biotechnology --- Molecular biology. --- Life Sciences --- Micro and Molecular Biology --- Agriculture Sciences --- Soil Chemistry, Microbiology, Fertility & Fertilizers --- Genetic Phenomena --- Mikrobiologie --- Molekularbiologie --- Zeitschrift --- Online-Ressource --- Biotechnology. --- Life Sciences. --- Micro and Molecular Biology. --- 579 Microbiology --- 577.2 Molecular bases of life. Molecular biology --- 579.22 Biochemistry and physiology of microorganisms --- moleculaire biologie
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