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La Commission du droit international, après avoir longuement hésité, a inscrit l’état de nécessité dans sa codification de la responsabilité des États en tant que circonstance excluant l’illicéité. L’objet de cette étude est de démontrer qu’il s’agit d’un mécanisme beaucoup plus diffus et fondamental du droit international, intimement lié à ses caractéristiques propres. Il a comme fonction la limitation des obligations substantielles des États lors de la survenance d’un fait-condition – la situation de nécessité – afin d’éviter que l’application du droit ne génère un coût social excessif. Sa réalisation requiert toujours une pondération des intérêts en conflit. Seulement lorsqu’un coût social excessif ne peut être évité, l’état de nécessité intervient dans le cadre des obligations secondaires de la responsabilité internationale, en tant que circonstance atténuante. After much hesitation, the International Law Commission codified the state of necessity as a circumstance precluding wrongfulness in the field of State responsibility. This study aims to demonstrate that it is a much wider mechanism, essential to international law and strictly connected to its own characteristics. It performs the function of limiting the substantial obligations of States in case of the realization of a fact condition – a situation of necessity – in order to avert an excessive social cost, born out of law implementation. It always works through a balance of conflicting interests. Only when a social cost cannot be avoided, the state of necessity, under the features of a mitigating circumstance, enters the field of secondary obligations relating to international responsibility.

Necessity (Law) --- State of necessity --- Assistance in emergencies --- Criminal liability --- Duress (Law) --- Justification (Law) --- Liability (Law) --- Self-defense (Law) --- Self-help (Law) --- Nécessité (droit international) --- Dérogation (droit) --- Obligations internationales --- État --- Responsabilité (droit international)

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Law of armed conflicts. Humanitarian law --- United Nations --- Intervention (International law) --- Aggression (International law) --- War (International law) --- Necessity (International law) --- Intervention (Droit international) --- Agression (Droit international) --- Guerre (Droit international) --- Nécessité (Droit international) --- United Nations. --- Decision making. --- Armed Forces. --- Decision making --- Armed Forces --- BPB0911 --- Conseil de sécurité ONU --- Intervention militaire --- Compétence extraterritoriale --- Veiligheidsraad VN --- Militaire interventie --- Extraterritoriale bevoegdheid --- Nécessité (Droit international) --- Military intervention --- Diplomacy --- International law --- Neutrality --- UN --- UNO --- Hội đồng bảo an Liên Hợp Quốc --- Naciones Unidas --- Nations Unies --- ONU --- Organisation des Nations Unies --- Organizat︠s︡ii︠a︡ Obʺedinennykh Nat︠s︡iĭ --- OON --- Vereinigte Nationen --- Umot ha-meʼuḥadot --- Organizacja Narodów Zjednoczonych --- ONZ --- Forente nasjoner --- Forenede nationer --- FN --- Förenta nationerna --- Gaertʻianebuli erebi --- Organização das Nações Unidas --- PBB --- Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa --- Kokusai Rengō --- Kokuren --- ENSZ --- Egyesült Nemzetek Szövetsége --- Birleșmiș Milletler Teșkilâtı --- Birlăşmiş Millătăr Tăşkilatı --- Birlashgan Millatlar Tashkiloti --- BMT --- YK --- Yhdistyneet kansakunnat --- OUN --- Organizacija Ujedinjenih Nacija --- NU --- Nazioni Unite --- OSN --- Organizace spojených národů --- Sāzmān-i Milal-i Muttafiq --- Bangsa² Bersatu --- Organización de las Naciones Unidas --- Ühinenud Rahvaste Organisatsioon --- ÜRO --- Organismos tōn Hēnōmenōn Ethnōn --- Umoja wa Mataifa --- Vereinten Nationen --- Vereinte Nationen --- Hayʼat al-Umam al-Muttaḥidah --- Verenigde Naties --- VN --- Organizația Națiunilor Unite --- Um --- Lien ho kuo --- OKB --- Organizata e Kombeve të Bashkuara --- Lian he guo --- U.N. --- Umam al-Muttaḥidah --- OĒE --- Hēnōmena Ethnē --- Organizácia Spojených Národov --- Sahaprachāchāt --- Națiunile Unite --- Organizat︠s︡ii︠a︡ na obedinenite nat︠s︡ii --- Organismos Hēnōmenōn Ethnōn --- Manẓūmat al-Umam al-Muttaḥidah --- AAN --- Arhanizatsyi︠a︡ Ab'i︠a︡dnanykh Natsyĭ --- Nações Unidas --- Orhanizat︠s︡ii︠a︡ Ob'i︠e︡dnanykh Nat︠s︡iĭ --- O.Ē.E. --- ʻOngkān Sahaprachāchāt --- Sjuninejal Konob'laq --- Sāzmān-i Milal-i Muttaḥid --- Milal-i Muttaḥid --- Nėgdsėn U̇ndėstniĭ Baĭguullaga --- NUB --- Rāshṭrasaṃgha --- או״מ --- أمم المتحدة --- الأمم المتحدة --- سازمان ملل متحد --- 国際連合 --- 联合囯 --- 聯合國 --- United Nations Organization --- Liên Hiệp Quó̂c --- Liên Hợp Quó̂c --- LHQ --- Kula Samagga --- YūʼAṅʻnʻ --- 联合国 --- Организация на обединените нации --- Организация Объединённых Наций --- karinė intervencija --- vojna intervencija --- intervención militar --- intervenção militar --- sõjaline sekkumine --- interwencja militarna --- militāra iejaukšanās --- intervento militare --- intervenție militară --- military intervention --- војна интервенција --- военна интервенция --- militärischer Eingriff --- intervent militari --- vojenský zásah --- militaire interventie --- militärt ingrepp --- στρατιωτική επέμβαση --- ndërhyrje ushtarake --- katonai beavatkozás --- militær intervention --- vojaški poseg --- sotilaallinen interventio --- воена интервенција --- útočný čin --- bewaffnete Aggression --- ozbrojená agrese --- sotatoimi --- agrese --- vojenská invaze --- agresszió --- aggressione --- přepadení --- επίθεση --- agresion --- útok --- воена закана --- воена агресија --- fegyveres támadás --- агресија --- agresia --- intervence --- invaze --- aggression --- вооружена агресија --- agressão --- sõjaline agressioon --- agresija --- intervento armato --- agresión militar --- militāra intervence --- ozbrojené napadení --- vojenská intervence --- agressie --- agression --- agresiune armată --- FN:s säkerhetsråd --- ANO Drošības padome --- JTO Saugumo Taryba --- Consiglio di sicurezza dell'ONU --- Rada Bezpieczeństwa ONZ --- Comhairle Slándála na Náisiún Aontaithe --- Këshilli i Sigurimit i OKB-së --- Consiliul de Securitate ONU --- Rada bezpečnosti OSN --- ÜRO Julgeolekunõukogu --- UN Security Council --- Съвет за сигурност на ООН --- Совет за безбедност на ОН --- az ENSZ Biztonsági Tanácsa --- Sicherheitsrat UNO --- Kunsill tas-Sigurtà tan-Nazzjonijiet Uniti --- Савет безбедности УН --- Varnostni svet ZN --- Vijeće sigurnosti Ujedinjenih naroda --- FN's Sikkerhedsråd --- Συμβούλιο Ασφαλείας του ΟΗΕ --- Conselho de Segurança ONU --- YK:n turvallisuusneuvosto --- Consejo de Seguridad ONU --- Bezpečnostná rada OSN --- Consiglio di sicurezza delle Nazioni Unite --- Συμβούλιο Ασφαλείας των Ηνωμένων Εθνών --- Këshilli i Sigurimit i Kombeve të Bashkuara --- Савет безбедности Уједињених нација --- Conseil de sécurité des Nations unies --- Consejo de Seguridad de las Naciones Unidas --- Совет за безбедност на Обединетите нации --- Conselho de Segurança das Nações Unidas --- De Forenede Nationers Sikkerhedsråd --- UN-Sicherheitsrat --- United Nations Security Council --- ekstraterritoriaalinen toimivalta --- extraterritoriale bevoegdheid --- eksteritorinė jurisdikcija --- exterritoriell befogenhet --- extraterritoriális hatály --- ekstraterritorial kompetence --- jurysdykcja eksterytorialna --- izvanteritorijalna nadležnost --- extraterritorial jurisdiction --- extrateritoriální pravomoc soudu --- eksteritorialna pristojnost --- eksteritoriālā jurisdikcija --- екстратериторијална надлежност --- εξωεδαφική αρμοδιότητα --- juridiksion jashtëterritorial --- competencia extraterritorial --- competência extraterritorial --- extraterritoriale Gerichtsbarkeit --- extrateritoriálna právomoc --- eksterritoriaalne kohtualluvus --- competenza extraterritoriale --- екстериторијална надлежност --- ġuriżdizzjoni ekstraterritorjali --- competență jurisdicțională extrateritorială --- dlínse sheach-chríochach --- извънтериториална юрисдикция --- екстратериторијална јурисдикција --- екстратериторијална судска надлежност --- eksteritoriāla iestāde --- extraterritoriale Zuständigkeit --- izvanteritorijalna ovlast --- kompetencë jashtëterritoriale --- eksterritoriaalne pädevus --- nadnárodní uplatňování práva --- eksteritoriniai įgaliojimai --- autoritate extrateritorială --- extraterritorial authority --- területen kívüli hatály --- extrateritoriální jurisdikce --- extraterritoriale Kompetenz --- United Nation. --- idirghabháil mhíleata --- Compétence extraterritoriale --- Conseil de sécurité ONU