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National Socialism.

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National socialism.

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The socialist states of Eastern Europe closely and suspiciously observed the expellee organizations that had emerged in the Federal Republic since the late 1940s, including their political activities. This volume, for the first time, takes a look at this 'enemy and foreign observation' by the intelligence services, using various case studies from the GDR, Poland, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania and Yugoslavia. It examines what the secret services knew about the expellee functionaries and their past, and asks what information was collected and how it was used. In addition, the role of the Germans who remained in the socialist states and the Aussiedler, who came to the FRG and formed a link between the expellees and their 'old homeland', is examined. The volume thus makes an important contribution to research on the perception of the expellee organizations in the socialist states, on the work of the security services, and on bilateral contacts during the 'Cold War'.

National socialism.

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Knowledge about "happiness" means power. For the self-portrayal of a nation, its system of values and morals, knowledge about happiness can be used and reinterpreted as an emotional-political instrument of power. How did knowledge of happiness change after 1933? In the years of crisis and war, which were marked by propaganda, persecution, the Second World War and the Holocaust, knowledge of happiness had a mass psychological function in Nazi Germany within the framework of the racist work moral "Kraft durch Freude" ("Strength through Joy") and in Switzerland in the context of the cultural-nationalist emotional policy of "geistige Landesverteidigung" ("intellectual national defence"). Isabelle Haffter shows the constructedness of happiness knowledge as an ambivalent expert and popular knowledge, which is characterised by change and continuities. The aim of the study is to uncover a research gap in the transnational history of knowledge and emotions about cultural nationalisms by means of historical case studies from the fields of politics, science and the performing arts.

National socialism.

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National socialism