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Islam has become an important symbol in post-Suharto Indonesia, and political figures or parties feel they cannot afford to be seen to be against the religion or be considered unfriendly to it. Islamism emerges to challenge Pancasila (or cultural pluralism) again. Islamists already challenged Pancasila soon after Indonesian independence. But during that initial era under Sukarno, this challenge was already under control. Under Suharto, Pancasila as an ideology was effectively used to govern Indonesia, and political Islam was suppressed. However, Suharto began to co-opt Islamic political leaders during the last decade of his rule. Religious Islam grew significantly during the Suharto era and would gradually transform itself into political Islam after Suharto's fall. Nevertheless, the electoral strength of 'Islamic political parties' remained relatively low. But since then, Islam has been used as an effective tool to undermine political rivals. The pluralists who are now in power continue to promote Pancasila, and combining with moderate Islamic organizations and through laws and regulations, have tried to hinder the further development of Islamist organizations. The future of Pancasila depends on whether the Indonesian government and other pluralist forces are able to control the Islamists and provide political stability and economic development in the country.

Islamic fundamentalism --- Religious tolerance --- Pancasila. --- Islam and politics --- 5 principles (Ideology) --- Five principles (Ideology) --- Panca Sila --- Pantja Sila --- Pantjasila --- Civics, Indonesian --- Tolerance, Religious --- Toleration --- Indonesia --- Politics and government --- Islam and state

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foreign policy --- security and defense --- insurance law --- international law --- criminal law --- civil law --- Pancasila --- Law --- 5 principles (Ideology) --- Five principles (Ideology) --- Panca Sila --- Pantja Sila --- Pantjasila --- Civics, Indonesian --- Pan̄caśīla --- Droit --- Pancasila. --- Law. --- Indonesia. --- Acts, Legislative --- Enactments, Legislative --- Laws (Statutes) --- Legislative acts --- Legislative enactments --- Jurisprudence --- Legislation --- Politics and government --- Regions --- Dutch East Indies --- Dutch East Indies (Territory under Japanese occupation, 1942-1945) --- Endonèsie --- Indanezii︠a︡ --- Indoneshia --- Indoneshia Kyōwakoku --- Indonesië --- Indonesya --- Indonezia --- Indonezii︠a︡ --- Indonezija --- İndoneziya --- İndoneziya Respublikası --- Indūnīsīyā --- Induonezėjė --- Jumhūrīyah Indūnīsīyā --- PDRI --- Pemerintah Darurat Republik Indonesia --- R.I. --- Republic of Indonesia --- Republic of the United States of Indonesia --- Republica d'Indonesia --- Republiek van Indonesië --- Republik Indonesia --- Republik Indonesia Serikat --- Republika Indonezii︠a︡ --- Republika Indonezija --- Rėspublika Indanezii︠a︡ --- RI --- United States of Indonesia --- Yinni