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Ensuring the population's physical safety is one of the core tasks of any government. In general, a government is typically held accountable for safe handling of hazardous substances, food safety, flood protection, controlling and preventing infectious diseases, as well as managing risks engendered by new technologies. In 2011, the Dutch Ministry of the Interior asked the Scientific Council for Government Policy to investigate the development of a generic risk policy in relation to physical safety. This work contains the Council's survey and recommendations for good governance in the area of general public safety. Physical safety is a core task of government. It is neither surprising nor unreasonable for government to be held accountable for hazardous substances, for food safety, for flood protection, for the spread of infectious diseases, or for the risks involved in new technologies. In 2011 the Dutch Ministry of the Interior and Kingdom Relations asked the Scientific Council for Government Policy (wrr) to investigate the scope for the development of a generic risk policy in relation to physical safety. Do citizens and businesses take sufficient responsibility for physical safety? Could the government assume a smaller role, and what part could the business community play in this? In this report the WRR argues that in order to answer these questions a distinction needs to be made between incidents, damage, risk and uncertainty. In addition, the wrr recommends that the thinking about responsibility for safety should not be placed in the perspective of a failing government, but that the central focus should be on the ambition of good governance. Finally, the wrr suggests that thinking about safety from the perspective of damage offers a useful framework for thinking through and reassessing the distribution of responsibilities. Responsibility for preventing, limiting and dealing with damage can only be assigned in advance, not retrospectively. Fysieke veiligheid is een voorwaarde voor individuele ontplooiing en ondernemingszin en vormt de basis voor welvaart en welzijn. Mede dankzij decennia van overheidsinterventies is Nederland relatief gezien een veilig land geworden. Het is daarom noch verrassend noch onredelijk dat de maatschappij de overheid aanspreekt op (potentiële) bedreigingen en daadwerkelijke aantastingen van de fysieke veiligheid. De legitimiteit van de overheid kan onder druk komen te staan als de overheid tekortschiet in de zorg voor fysieke veiligheid. Verwachtingen over de rol van de overheid kunnen echter ook overspannen zijn, de overheid kan immers ook geen absolute veiligheid garanderen of voor elke aantasting van de fysieke veiligheid verantwoordelijk worden gehouden. In deze uitgave stelt de WRR dat de overheid niet als enige de prijs voor veiligheid en de rekening voor schade kan betalen. Ook bedrijven en burgers moeten daarvoor verantwoordelijkheid dragen, bijvoorbeeld door zich beter te verzekeren. Met deze reflectie heeft de WRR een waardevolle bijdrage geleverd aan de actuele, belangrijke en principiële discussie over de verhouding tussen overheid en burger op het gebied van fysieke veiligheid.

Public safety --- Safety, Public --- Human services

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Information networks --- Public safety --- Access control. --- Government policy. --- Safety, Public --- Human services

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Public safety --- Prisons --- Overcrowding --- Safety, Public --- Human services --- Dungeons --- Gaols --- Penitentiaries --- Correctional institutions --- Imprisonment --- Prison-industrial complex

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This is a chapter from The Criminal Act: The Role and Influence of Routine Activity Theory edited by Martin A. Andresen and Graham Farrell. This chapter is available open access under a CC BY license. Target suitability is a cornerstone of Marcus Felson's routine activities approach, and critical in determining crime rates. Recent research identifies reduced target suitability, via improved security, as central to the 'crime drop' experienced in many countries. Studies in different countries show car theft fell with far more and better vehicle security. Yet increases in household security were more modest and do not track burglary's decrease as well. In this chapter, the authors explain that apparent anomaly as due more to an improvement in the quality of household security leading to reduced burglary. It is further suggested that improvements to home insulation in the UK that brought double glazing may have, somewhat inadvertently, introduced better frames and locks for doors and windows, that in turn reduced household burglary.

Science. --- Science, general. --- Natural science --- Science of science --- Sciences --- Criminology and Criminal Justice. --- Crime Control and Security. --- Public safety. --- Safety, Public --- Human services --- Criminology --- Public safety

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Project "Support for European Union action in the field of CBRN security managers education" SE-CBRN-URE is funded by European Commission, The Directorate-General for Migration and Home Affairs (DG HOME) from Internal Security Fund - Police, call "Implementation of the EU CBRN Action Plan, the EU Action Plan on enhancing the security of explosives and the European programme of critical infrastructure protection". Total project budget - 684 377 Euro (EU contribution - 615 940 Euro). Grant Agreement No. HOME/2015/ISFP/AG/CBRN/4000008459. Acts of chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear (CBRN) terrorism are four new risks that the European public has to take into consideration. With the possibility of these different forms of weapons of mass destruction (WMDs) being used in acts of terrorism, an urgent need has arisen to prevent and combat their use. The use of any of the four types of CBRN weapons in acts of terrorism could open the door to the possibility of destabilization of the European Union, and lead to undermining its economic stability, public security and social integrity. An additional problem is the constant threat of explosives, especially home-made devices, which can be used by themselves or as a release mechanism for CBRN agents.

Emergency communication systems. --- Public safety. --- Safety, Public --- Human services --- Emergency warning systems --- Warning systems, Emergency --- Civil defense --- Disaster relief --- Telecommunication systems