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Gender equality and women's empowerment can only be achieved if countries take action to tackle and eliminate discrimination in their legal frameworks, social norms and practices. The SIGI 2020 Regional Report for Latin America and the Caribbean provides new evidence-based analysis on the setbacks and progress in achieving gender equality between 2014 and 2019. The report uncovers discrimination in social institutions faced by Latin American and Caribbean women in various dimensions; within the family and household context, in relation to physical integrity and access to productive and financial resources, as well within the political and civil spheres. It also explores various development perspectives such as the cost of discriminatory social institutions for Latin American and Caribbean countries and the socio-economic consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic for women and girls. Building on the regional and sub-regional analysis of how discriminatory social institutions continue to hinder efforts toward SDG 5, the report provides a set of policy recommendations to reshape gender norms, promote women's empowerment and build a truly inclusive society.

Sex discrimination against women --- Discrimination against women --- Subordination of women --- Women, Discrimination against --- Feminism --- Sex discrimination --- Women's rights --- Male domination (Social structure)

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Discrimination against women --- Discrimination sexuelle à l'égard des femmes --- Sex discrimination against women --- Sexual discrimination against women --- Subordination of women --- Vrouwen--Discriminatie op grond van het geslacht --- Women [Discrimination against ]

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A major study of the role of women in the labour market of Industrial Revolution Britain. It is well known that men and women usually worked in different occupations, and that women earned lower wages than men. These differences are usually attributed to custom but Joyce Burnette here demonstrates instead that gender differences in occupations and wages were instead largely driven by market forces. Her findings reveal that rather than harming women competition actually helped them by eroding the power that male workers needed to restrict female employment and minimising the gender wage gap by sorting women into the least strength-intensive occupations. Where the strength requirements of an occupation made women less productive than men, occupational segregation maximised both economic efficiency and female incomes. She shows that women's wages were then market wages rather than customary and the gender wage gap resulted from actual differences in productivity.

Women employees --- Sex discrimination against women --- Industrial revolution --- History --- Female employees --- Women workers --- Working women --- Workingwomen --- Employees --- Discrimination against women --- Subordination of women --- Women, Discrimination against --- Feminism --- Sex discrimination --- Women's rights --- Male domination (Social structure) --- Arts and Humanities

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Informalidad: escape y exclusion' explora este heterogeneo sector desde una variedad de perspectivas que van desde la preocupacion por la proteccion de los trabajadores a la productividad de las empresas y a los determinantes de la evasion fiscal. El informe toma y arroja mas luz sobre el caracter exclusionista de buena parte de la informalidad, que deja a los ciudadanos fuera de las instituciones formales. La discusion se mueve desde el analisis puramente economico de los incentivos microeconomicos, a la reflexion sobre lo adecuado del 'contrato social' una expresion sumaria por la forma como los ciudadanos de la region se relacionan con el Estado y con sus conciudadanos. El analisis ofrece recomendaciones que se extienden a lo largo de muchas dimensiones de la agenda de politica.

Women's rights --- Women --- Sex discrimination against women --- Sex discrimination in justice administration --- Justice, Administration of --- Discrimination against women --- Subordination of women --- Women, Discrimination against --- Feminism --- Sex discrimination --- Male domination (Social structure) --- Social conditions. --- Economic conditions.

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Sex discrimination against women. --- Discrimination against women --- Subordination of women --- Women, Discrimination against --- Feminism --- Sex discrimination --- Women's rights --- Male domination (Social structure) --- Dones en la ciència --- Discriminació sexual en el treball --- Aspectes psicològics