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This volume presents a selection of papers and case studies first presented at a conference designed to focus on the toilets of the Northwestern provinces of the Roman Empire, taking place at Radboud University on the 1st and 2nd of May 2009. Papers demonstrate the value of scientific analysis of waste to understand the food habits and diseases of the Roman users of the toilet, while elsewhere questions on how to find the necessary expertise and financing for such investigations were raised.

Toilets --- History --- Flush toilets --- Latrines --- Water-closets --- Plumbing fixtures --- Bathrooms --- Public toilets --- Outhouses --- Restrooms --- Europe, Western --- West Europe --- Western Europe --- Antiquities, Roman

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latrines --- Roman [ancient Italian style] --- sumps --- Medieval [European] --- Archeology --- Toilets --- -Flush toilets --- Latrines --- Water-closets --- Plumbing fixtures --- Bathrooms --- Public toilets --- Outhouses --- Restrooms --- History --- Rome --- Antiquities. --- -History --- Roman [ancient Italian culture or period] --- Greece --- History.

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This book addresses the topic of toilet design, but instead of focusing on the typical able bodied user, it takes the various needs and limited abilities of older and/or disabled people as its starting point (human centered design). This follows the principles of 'Inclusive Design': designs taking into account the needs of the most challenged, will also have benefits for the healthy. For the most part, this book is a spin-off of an EU-funded research and development project called the 'Friendly Rest Room for Elderly People' (FFR), which ran from 2001 to 2005. During that period a consortium of

Outhouses. --- Public toilets. --- Toilets. --- Toilets --- People with disabilities --- Restrooms --- Persons --- Public Facilities --- Architecture as Topic --- Health Facilities --- Adult --- Sanitary Engineering --- Technology, Industry, and Agriculture --- Sanitation --- Named Groups --- Health Care Facilities, Manpower, and Services --- Age Groups --- Technology, Industry, Agriculture --- Public Health --- Health Care --- Environment and Public Health --- Facility Design and Construction --- Toilet Facilities --- Disabled Persons --- Aged --- Social Welfare & Social Work --- Civil & Environmental Engineering --- Social Sciences --- Engineering & Applied Sciences --- Disabilities --- Civil Engineering --- Design and construction --- Services for --- Restrooms for people with disabilities. --- Older people --- Services for. --- Flush toilets --- Latrines --- Water-closets --- Handicapped services --- Plumbing fixtures --- Bathrooms --- Public toilets --- Outhouses --- rehabilitation --- FFR --- inclusive design --- ergonomics --- disability --- gerontechnology