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Commodification. --- Commoditization --- Commerce

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Premier chapitre du “Capital”, ce texte explore un concept au cœur de notre société de consommation contemporaine. Ce chapitre parut en France en 1872, aux prix de dix centimes. Ainsi publié sous forme de petits fascicules, en livraisons périodiques, “Le Capital”, œuvre immense mais chère, “sera plus accessible à la classe ouvrière, et pour moi, déclare Marx à son éditeur français, cette considération l'emporte sur toute autre”. Il se trouve en outre que “La Marchandise” contient l'une des trouvailles les plus importantes du “Capital”, plus que jamais d'actualité dans ce monde où tout est devenu marchandise. “Le Travail” est au programme des Prépas scientifiques de 2023 et ce texte pourra constituer une parfaite introduction à la pensée de Marx

Economics --- Commodification --- Extreme value theory

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In The Critique of Commodification, Christoph Hermann argues that commodification entails production for profit rather than provision for need. The focus on profits, Hermann shows, means that social needs are met in a way that excludes those who cannot pay and ensures high profits. In going through the damaging effects of commodification, Hermann also discusses alternatives based on the satisfaction of needs rather than maximization of profits.

Commodification. --- Capitalism. --- Market economy --- Economics --- Profit --- Capital --- Commoditization --- Commerce

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In this book, we reclaim the term “resistance” by exploring how animals can “resist” their commodification through blocking and allowing human intervention in their lives. In the cases explored in this volume, animals lead humans to rethink their relationship to animals by either blocking and/or allowing human commodification. In some cases, this results in greater control exercised on the animals, while in others, animals’ resistance also poses a series of complex moral questions to human commodifiers, sometimes to the point of transforming humans into active members of resistance movements on behalf of animals.

Animal rights.  --- Animal behavior.  --- Human-animal relationships.  --- Animal products.  --- Commodification. 

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At the heart of today's fierce political anger over income inequality is a feature of capitalism that Karl Marx famously obsessed over: the commodification of labor. Most of us think wage-labor economics is at odds with socialist thinking, but as Martha Lampland explains in this fascinating look at twentieth-century Hungary, there have been moments when such economics actually flourished under socialist regimes. Exploring the region's transition from a capitalist to a socialist system-and the economic science and practices that endured it-she sheds new light on the two most polarized ideologies of modern history. Lampland trains her eye on the scientific claims of modern economic modeling, using Hungary's unique vantage point to show how theories, policies, and techniques for commodifying agrarian labor that were born in the capitalist era were adopted by the socialist regime as a scientifically designed wage system on cooperative farms. Paying attention to the specific historical circumstances of Hungary, she explores the ways economists and the abstract notions they traffic in can both shape and be shaped by local conditions, and she compellingly shows how labor can be commodified in the absence of a labor market. The result is a unique account of economic thought that unveils hidden but necessary continuities running through the turbulent twentieth century.

Commodification --- Agriculture --- Hungary --- Economic conditions --- Hungary. --- Soviet Union. --- collectivization. --- commodification of labor. --- economics. --- infrastructure. --- market. --- transition to socialism.