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Vector Borne Diseases --- Health Impact Assessment --- Assessment, Health Impact --- Assessments, Health Impact --- Health Impact Assessments --- Impact Assessment, Health --- Impact Assessments, Health --- Vector-Borne Diseases --- Vectorborne Diseases --- Mosquito Borne Diseases --- Mosquito-Borne Diseases --- Mosquito Borne Disease --- Mosquito-Borne Disease --- Vector Borne Disease --- Vector-Borne Disease --- Vectorborne Disease

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Public health --- Research --- Research. --- Community health --- Health services --- Hygiene, Public --- Hygiene, Social --- Public health services --- Public hygiene --- Sanitary affairs --- Social hygiene --- health impact assessment --- public health --- health policy --- Health --- Human services --- Biosecurity --- Health literacy --- Medicine, Preventive --- National health services --- Sanitation --- Public Health - General

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How communities can collaborate across systems and sectors to address environmental health disparities; with case studies from Rochester, New York; Duluth, Minnesota; and Southern California. Low-income and marginalized urban communities often suffer disproportionate exposure to environmental hazards, leaving residents vulnerable to associated health problems. Community groups, academics, environmental justice advocates, government agencies, and others have worked to address these issues, building coalitions at the local level to change the policies and systems that create environmental health inequities. In Bridging Silos, Katrina Smith Korfmacher examines ways that communities can collaborate across systems and sectors to address environmental health disparities, with in-depth studies of three efforts to address long-standing environmental health issues: childhood lead poisoning in Rochester, New York; unhealthy built environments in Duluth, Minnesota; and pollution related to commercial ports and international trade in Southern California. All three efforts were locally initiated, driven by local stakeholders, and each addressed issues long known to the community by reframing an old problem in a new way. These local efforts leveraged resources to impact community change by focusing on inequities in environmental health, bringing diverse kinds of knowledge to bear, and forging new connections among existing community, academic, and government groups. Korfmacher explains how the once integrated environmental and public health management systems had become separated into self-contained “silos,” and compares current efforts to bridge these separations to the development of ecosystem management in the 1990s. Community groups, government agencies, academic institutions, and private institutions each have a role to play, but collaborating effectively requires stakeholders to appreciate their partners' diverse incentives, capacities, and constraints.

Environmental health --- Public health --- United States --- Environmental policy --- Environmental justice --- Health equity --- Local environmental policy --- Health in All Policies --- Policies Systems and Environments --- Childhood lead poisoning --- Air quality --- Built environment --- Healthy communities --- Health Impact Assessment --- housing --- housing policy --- urban planning --- brownfields --- food access --- food deserts --- transportation --- southern California --- poverty --- systems change

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Tobacco-use-related diseases are the main cause of mortality in Moldova, where tobacco consumption is widely spread, especially among men. In addition to health concerns, tobacco consumption has economic consequences, as households spend substantial resources on tobacco and related out-of-pocket medical costs. Tobacco tax increases are one of the most effective measures to reduce tobacco consumption, but are usually believed to be regressive, taxing the poor proportionally more than the rich. This paper estimates the tobacco price elasticity of demand for Moldova by income decile and undertakes an extended cost-benefit analysis to estimate the distributional effect of a rise in tobacco taxes on income distribution. The paper's main findings are that a tobacco price increase would generate a rise in expenditure deriving from direct tobacco price increases, but would reduce the costs of out-of-pocket medical expenses. Based on these two factors, the net effect of a tobacco tax increase would be progressive in the analyzed cases, ultimately benefitting the incomes of the lower-income groups in the population.

Disease Control & Prevention --- Health Economics & Finance --- Health Impact --- Health, Nutrition and Population --- Income Distribution --- Industry --- Mortality --- Price Elasticity --- Public Health Promotion --- Regressive Tax --- Science and Technology Development --- Sin Tax --- Taxation --- Technology Industry --- Technology Innovation --- Tobacco --- Tobacco Tax --- Tobacco Use and Control

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Alcohol is often perceived as an under-rated risk factor for human health. This book corrects these misperceptions and misinformation by providing up to date reviews and publications that consider the impact of alcoholic beverages on human health in the domains of toxicity, carcinogenicity, genotoxicity, foetal toxicity, neurotoxicity, impacts of alcohol on the gastro-intestinal system (including nutrient deficiencies), cardiovascular system, injuries, body weight and communicable diseases. The reprint considers how the impact of alcohol on human health can be mitigated – through, for example, improved labelling on nutrients and health warnings, better policy measures, and actions by alcohol producers on their products through reformulation to lower alcoholic strength.

Public health & preventive medicine --- alcoholism --- evolution --- fermentation --- frugivory --- Homo --- primate --- yeast --- alcohol --- patterns of drinking --- disease --- mortality --- dose response --- monotonous --- protective effects --- curvilinear --- alcohol control policy --- injury --- review --- risk --- morbidity --- policy --- intervention --- public health --- alcohol industry --- Canada --- body weight --- obesity --- eating dietary intake --- drinking pattern --- labelling --- health warning labels --- effectiveness --- implementation --- burden of disease --- death --- disability --- infectious diseases --- non-communicable diseases --- injuries --- global --- no-alcohol products --- low-alcohol products --- production --- consumption --- health impact --- gut --- liver --- cirrhosis --- hepatocellular carcinoma --- microbiome --- acetaldehyde --- oxidative stress --- inflammation --- one carbon metabolism --- lipid metabolism --- DNA damage --- cancer --- carcinogenesis --- communicable diseases --- HIV --- tuberculosis --- pneumonia --- severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 --- alcohol drinking --- binge drinking --- cardiovascular diseases --- ischaemic heart disease --- hypertension --- stroke --- fetal --- fetal alcohol spectrum disorder --- pregnancy --- risk assessment --- hepatotoxicity --- dose–response relationship --- margin of exposure --- epidemiological methods --- brain --- addiction --- n/a --- dose-response relationship