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Cette thèse porte sur l'analyse des effets de la démarche d'évaluation de l'impact social VISES (Valorisation de l'Impact Social des Entreprises Sociales) au sein des entreprises sociales. L'évaluation de l'impact social est devenue essentielle en économie sociale, permettant d'évaluer l'efficacité et les résultats des entreprises de ce secteur. L'approche VISES se démarque en proposant une approche participative impliquant les entreprises et autres acteurs de l'économie sociale dans le processus d'évaluation. Cette thèse s'inscrit dans le cadre du projet wallon ValorisES, qui vise à identifier et comprendre les effets générés par la démarche VISES sur les entreprises sociales, en s'appuyant sur les expériences de plusieurs entreprises ayant engagé cette démarche. Les résultats ont mis en évidence un certain nombre de points significatifs. Ils ont notamment révélé que la démarche VISES a eu un impact global positif sur les entreprises étudiées. Ces effets positifs ont été particulièrement influencés par l’approche participative, la co-construction et l’accompagnement offert par cette démarche. L'analyse des données a également permis d'identifier des aspects critiques, tels que des lacunes dans l'utilisation des résultats de l'évaluation par les entreprises étudiées. En synthèse, cette étude met en évidence l’impact significatif de l’approche VISES sur les entreprises sociales, mettant en avant à la fois ses avantages et les défis rencontrés lors de sa mise en œuvre. Les résultats de cette recherche fournissent des informations précieuses pour l’amélioration continue de cette approche d’évaluation de l’impact social et ouvrent la voie à son optimisation future.

impact social --- évaluation impact social --- économie sociale --- Sciences économiques & de gestion > Economie sociale

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Abstract: Interest in Social Impact Bonds (SIBs) and similar performance-based investments has been spreading around the world ever since the first SIB was issued in the United Kingdom in 2010. At the same time, such investments have given rise to questions regarding the complexity and cost of the contracting mechanisms involved, the possible contradictions between the various objectives pursued, and even the validity of the theoretical premises underpinning them (Albertson et al., 2018a). The objective of this paper is to take stock of the existing knowledge about SIBs and similar performance-based investments, through an overview of recent scientific literature. Relying on a targeted review of the literature and empirical studies, the idea is to compile the arguments that have been mobilized to support, nuance or possibly undermine the implementation of SIBs and similar financing tools. The objective is to provide answers to the question: Do SIBs work? And if yes, under which conditions? After explaining what SIBs are, how they function and how they have developed, the authors propose a synthesis of the arguments from recent scientific literature both supporting and criticizing SIBs. The article concludes that despite the possible improvements and opportunities of these bonds, caution is advised in applying them for as long as empirical evidence is insufficient with regard to their effectiveness and the conditions under which they might be considered appropriate. Keywords: social impact bonds, targeted literature review, SIB effectiveness, pay for performance, pay for success, social impact measurement. JEL Codes: L33, O35, P35, H44

Contrats à impact social. --- Efficience (gestion) --- Évaluation. --- Revues systématiques.

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Since its emergence in the United Kingdom in 2010, Social Impact Bonds seem to be spreading all over the world. It works as follows. Private investors finance projects that aim to develop a social innovation. These investors will be reimbursed by the State with return on investment if the project is successful. While this financial mechanism is popular, it does carry risks. 
This master thesis aims to answer the following research question: how can a social impact analysis method limit the risks associated with Social Impact Bonds? 
To this end, this paper first defines what Social Impact Bonds are, and explains why the concept is attracting interest from stakeholders. This master thesis then analyses the risks associated with SIB’s. Indeed, the main risks associated with SIB’s are the risk of biased project selection processes, the risk of Mission Drift and the risk of inefficiency. Social impact analysis, intrinsic to the mechanism, can be seen as a tool for managing these risks.
The theoretical part allows us to develop proposals for managing the risks mentioned. These proposals are then compared with the reality on the field through interviews with actors in the SIB world. The aim of this work is to formulate recommendations to better manage the risks and to use the SIB’s in a more efficient way.

Social Impact Bonds --- Impact social --- Impact investing --- analyse d'impact --- analyse de l'impact social --- Sciences économiques & de gestion > Economie sociale

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Abstract: Our research focuses on understanding the use that work integration social enterprises (WISEs) make of performance measurement models such as social impact assessment in their relations with public stakeholders. We carry out a comparative study between France and Denmark which are the two OECD members showing the highest level of social spending. Using public value theory as the pivot point of our analytical framework, we identify seven strategic intents that contribute to explain the use of performance measurement by WISEs. The use of Public Value theory shines a light on the unique set of problems that WISEs face when dealing with their public stakeholder, which is absent from the performance models that are promoted by current policy initiatives or by impact investors. Keywords: Social impact assessment, Wise, Public Value theory, public stakeholders. JEL Codes: A13, B55, L31, L33, L38, M14

Entreprises d'insertion --- Économie sociale et solidaire. --- Contrats à impact social. --- Intérêt général. --- Entreprises publiques.

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Participation politique --- LOBBYING --- Internet --- TIC --- États-Unis --- ressources informatiques --- Etats-Unis --- impact social --- aspects politiques