Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Over the past few decades, global warming and climate change have impacted the hydrologic cycle. Many models have been developed to simulate hydrologic processes. Obtaining accurate climatic data on local/meso, and global scales is essential for the realistic simulation of hydrologic processes. However, the limited availability of climatic data often poses a challenge to hydrologic modeling efforts. Hydrologic science is currently undergoing a revolution in which the field is being transformed by the multitude of newly available data streams. Historically, hydrologic models that have been developed to answer basic questions about the rainfall–runoff relationship, surface water, and groundwater storage/fluxes, land–atmosphere interactions, have been optimized for previously data-limited conditions. With the advent of remote sensing technologies and increased computational resources, the environment for water cycle researchers has fundamentally changed to one where there is now a flood of spatially distributed and time-dependent data. The bias in the climatic data is propagated through models and can yield estimation errors. Therefore, the bias in climatic data should be removed before their use in hydrologic models. Climatic data have been a core component of the science of hydrology. Their intrinsic role in understanding and managing water resources and developing sound water policies dictates their vital importance. This book aims to present recent advances concerning climatic data and their applications in hydrologic models.

Technology: general issues --- History of engineering & technology --- statistical weather generator --- stochastic process --- Diyala River basin --- Wilks’ technique --- hydrological models --- rainfall --- surface runoff --- linear regression models --- curve number --- SCS.CN model --- mulching --- wildfire --- prescribed fire --- n/a --- CHIRPS --- GPM-IMERG --- rainfall data scarcity --- agro-hydrology --- Rift Valley Lake Basin --- hydrological research basin --- precipitation --- temperature --- long-term trends --- climate change --- evapotranspiration --- groundwater recharge --- thresholds --- seasonality --- spatiotemporal variations --- regional-scale --- long-term --- HydroBudget model --- cold and humid climates --- Quebec (Canada) --- tank cascade system --- dry zone --- water governance --- flood control --- traditional knowledge --- community participation --- Sri Lanka --- Wilks' technique

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Over the past few decades, global warming and climate change have impacted the hydrologic cycle. Many models have been developed to simulate hydrologic processes. Obtaining accurate climatic data on local/meso, and global scales is essential for the realistic simulation of hydrologic processes. However, the limited availability of climatic data often poses a challenge to hydrologic modeling efforts. Hydrologic science is currently undergoing a revolution in which the field is being transformed by the multitude of newly available data streams. Historically, hydrologic models that have been developed to answer basic questions about the rainfall–runoff relationship, surface water, and groundwater storage/fluxes, land–atmosphere interactions, have been optimized for previously data-limited conditions. With the advent of remote sensing technologies and increased computational resources, the environment for water cycle researchers has fundamentally changed to one where there is now a flood of spatially distributed and time-dependent data. The bias in the climatic data is propagated through models and can yield estimation errors. Therefore, the bias in climatic data should be removed before their use in hydrologic models. Climatic data have been a core component of the science of hydrology. Their intrinsic role in understanding and managing water resources and developing sound water policies dictates their vital importance. This book aims to present recent advances concerning climatic data and their applications in hydrologic models.

statistical weather generator --- stochastic process --- Diyala River basin --- Wilks’ technique --- hydrological models --- rainfall --- surface runoff --- linear regression models --- curve number --- SCS.CN model --- mulching --- wildfire --- prescribed fire --- n/a --- CHIRPS --- GPM-IMERG --- rainfall data scarcity --- agro-hydrology --- Rift Valley Lake Basin --- hydrological research basin --- precipitation --- temperature --- long-term trends --- climate change --- evapotranspiration --- groundwater recharge --- thresholds --- seasonality --- spatiotemporal variations --- regional-scale --- long-term --- HydroBudget model --- cold and humid climates --- Quebec (Canada) --- tank cascade system --- dry zone --- water governance --- flood control --- traditional knowledge --- community participation --- Sri Lanka --- Wilks' technique

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

The book “Integrated human exposure to air pollution” aimed to increase knowledge about human exposure in different micro-environments, or when citizens are performing specific tasks, to demonstrate methodologies for the understanding of pollution sources and their impact on indoor and ambient air quality, and, ultimately, to identify the most effective mitigation measures to decrease human exposure and protect public health. Taking advantage of the latest available tools, such as internet of things (IoT), low-cost sensors and a wide access to online platforms and apps by the citizens, new methodologies and approaches can be implemented to understand which factors can influence human exposure to air pollution. This knowledge, when made available to the citizens, along with the awareness of the impact of air pollution on human life and earth systems, can empower them to act, individually or collectively, to promote behavioral changes aiming to reduce pollutants’ emissions. Overall, this book gathers fourteen innovative studies that provide new insights regarding these important topics within the scope of human exposure to air pollution. A total of five main areas were discussed and explored within this book and, hopefully, can contribute to the advance of knowledge in this field.

Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- Personal Air Pollution Exposure (PAPE) --- air pollution monitoring --- IoT --- Air Quality Decision Support System --- health impact --- air pollution --- public concern --- air quality index --- Baidu index --- Shanghai --- air quality --- crowd-sensing --- crowd-sourced sensing --- environmental analysis --- pollution --- particulate matter --- dust sensor --- human exposure --- Arduino --- wireless networks --- oxides --- traffic --- state space --- milan --- area b --- cross validation --- policy intervention analysis --- counter-factual --- unobservable components --- PM2.5 --- population exposure --- tier-models --- health burden misclassification --- BenMap-CE --- tuberculosis --- infectious disease --- time-series --- Poisson regression --- kriging --- road dust --- PM10 emission factors --- enrichment index --- human health risk --- atmospheric aerosols --- bioaerosols --- culturable bacteria --- long-term trends --- hazard for human --- indoor air quality --- e-cigarettes --- heat-not-burn tobacco --- traditional smoking products --- tobacco smoke --- passenger cars --- lung inflammation --- allergy --- indoor pollutants --- biomarkers --- FeNO --- eosinophil --- neutrophil --- fine particulate matter --- economic growth --- urbanization --- industrialization --- Granger causality test --- air pollutants --- monitoring --- seasonality --- chemical characterization --- source apportionment --- particulate matters (PM) --- air purifier --- experiment --- real-time monitoring unit --- transfer unit --- occupant --- breathing zone --- cooking fuel --- household air pollution --- preterm births --- perinatal mortality --- low birth weight --- stillbirth --- Nigeria --- n/a

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

The book “Integrated human exposure to air pollution” aimed to increase knowledge about human exposure in different micro-environments, or when citizens are performing specific tasks, to demonstrate methodologies for the understanding of pollution sources and their impact on indoor and ambient air quality, and, ultimately, to identify the most effective mitigation measures to decrease human exposure and protect public health. Taking advantage of the latest available tools, such as internet of things (IoT), low-cost sensors and a wide access to online platforms and apps by the citizens, new methodologies and approaches can be implemented to understand which factors can influence human exposure to air pollution. This knowledge, when made available to the citizens, along with the awareness of the impact of air pollution on human life and earth systems, can empower them to act, individually or collectively, to promote behavioral changes aiming to reduce pollutants’ emissions. Overall, this book gathers fourteen innovative studies that provide new insights regarding these important topics within the scope of human exposure to air pollution. A total of five main areas were discussed and explored within this book and, hopefully, can contribute to the advance of knowledge in this field.

Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- Personal Air Pollution Exposure (PAPE) --- air pollution monitoring --- IoT --- Air Quality Decision Support System --- health impact --- air pollution --- public concern --- air quality index --- Baidu index --- Shanghai --- air quality --- crowd-sensing --- crowd-sourced sensing --- environmental analysis --- pollution --- particulate matter --- dust sensor --- human exposure --- Arduino --- wireless networks --- oxides --- traffic --- state space --- milan --- area b --- cross validation --- policy intervention analysis --- counter-factual --- unobservable components --- PM2.5 --- population exposure --- tier-models --- health burden misclassification --- BenMap-CE --- tuberculosis --- infectious disease --- time-series --- Poisson regression --- kriging --- road dust --- PM10 emission factors --- enrichment index --- human health risk --- atmospheric aerosols --- bioaerosols --- culturable bacteria --- long-term trends --- hazard for human --- indoor air quality --- e-cigarettes --- heat-not-burn tobacco --- traditional smoking products --- tobacco smoke --- passenger cars --- lung inflammation --- allergy --- indoor pollutants --- biomarkers --- FeNO --- eosinophil --- neutrophil --- fine particulate matter --- economic growth --- urbanization --- industrialization --- Granger causality test --- air pollutants --- monitoring --- seasonality --- chemical characterization --- source apportionment --- particulate matters (PM) --- air purifier --- experiment --- real-time monitoring unit --- transfer unit --- occupant --- breathing zone --- cooking fuel --- household air pollution --- preterm births --- perinatal mortality --- low birth weight --- stillbirth --- Nigeria --- n/a

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Ambient air quality in the present-day Czech Republic (CR), one of the two succession countries of Czechoslovakia post-1993, was perceived as a major problem with severe human health and environmental consequences, particularly between the 1970s and 1990s. Since that time, the ambient air quality in the CR has improved substantially, due to newly introduced stringent legislation and technical countermeasures. Nevertheless, there are still activities which represent significant emission sources, such as local heating and increased vehicle travel through communities. After a substantial decrease in emissions in both the CR and its neighbouring countries, the levels of some ambient air pollutants from the 2000s are still not satisfactory. In this respect, aerosol, ground-level ozone, and benzo[a]pyrene remain major problems, as they do elsewhere in Europe. The book provides a valuable update both on time trends and spatial changes in ambient air quality, and highlights the recent activities in both monitoring and modelling of principle ambient air pollutants in the CR.

air pollution --- air quality --- 1950–2018 --- Czechoslovakia --- emissions --- aerosol --- ground-level ozone --- atmospheric deposition --- health outcomes --- environmental issues --- particles --- traffic --- dispersion --- PM10 --- pollution --- F-gases --- greenhouse gases --- global warming potential --- substitutes for ozone depleting substances --- Czech Republic --- microsensors --- particle counter --- gas analyzers --- relative humidity --- mixing layer height --- ceilometer --- suspended particulate matter --- Czech-Polish border --- urban parks --- particulate matter --- nitrogen oxides --- ozone --- PM pollution --- seasonality --- meteorological conditions --- source apportionment --- PMF (Positive Matrix Factorization) --- PM2.5 --- long-term trends --- background scale --- locomotives --- non-road engines --- rail --- diesel-electric --- real-world emissions --- portable on-board emissions monitoring systems --- NOx --- real driving emissions --- urban canopy --- weather prediction --- validation --- PM1 aerosol --- elements --- water-soluble ions --- factor analysis --- benzo(a)pyrene --- ambient air concentrations --- spatial-temporal --- population exposure --- transboundary transport --- meteorological factors --- monitoring stations --- Passing–Bablok test --- regression analysis --- statistical modeling --- analysis of variance --- tower --- high-volume sampler --- wind-direction-dependent sampling --- neutron activation analysis --- elemental composition --- cross-border pollution transport --- AIR BORDER --- Czech-Polish borderlands --- Interreg --- NO2 --- passive sampler --- Dieselgate --- Prague --- traffic volume --- citizen science --- public policy --- health effects --- n/a --- 1950-2018 --- Passing-Bablok test --- Research. --- Environmental economics. --- Pollution prevention.