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Mexico's pursue and implementation of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) was a pro-growth policy strategy that deepened Mexico's economic liberalization process at a time of crisis and macroeconomic stabilization. In that context, NAFTA constituted a commitment device to investment that ensured continuity to both the stabilization and the liberalization processes. NAFTA was possible for Mexico thanks to a new coalition between public and private elites that had recently gone through a deep transformation process themselves. After more than twenty years, NAFTA has significant results in terms of investment and levels and diversification of trade; however, the evidence on its impact in growth and development is mixed. The asymmetry of negotiation power between the United States and Mexico affected the agreement, but its final shape and implementation were impacted in important ways by Mexico's political realities. Two examples of this: The highly hierarchical, camarilla-style line of command of the Mexican team derived in in controversial concessions and strategic mistakes in the areas of agriculture and financial services. Later, a corporatist, authoritarian regime induced a weak supplementary labor accord that can have had the potential of effectively promoting higher equity through strengthened workers' rights and more democratic industrial relations.

Economic Liberalization --- Governance --- Multinational & Corporate Governance --- Nafta --- Political Elites --- Politics --- Trade Agreements --- Trade Diversification --- Trade Liberalization --- Trade Policy

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This paper aims to provide a very distilled summary of the concepts shaping the discourse around state-building in fragile, conflict-affected situations, and to explore some of the operational implications for international development practitioners working in these settings, drawing on experience from two post-conflict countries. The paper arises out of a collaboration between Bureau for Crisis Prevention and Recovery (UNDP) and the World Bank's Fragile and Conflict-Affected Countries Group to strengthen their analytical work and guidance to country offices in the area of state building, and to extend interagency cooperation at headquarters and field level. This paper, and the operational guidance it proposes, is a product of the missions to Sierra Leone and Liberia, and its principal audience is country office staff in fragile and conflict-affected settings. The material in this paper is organised around four themes:(i) Current concepts and theory on state-building; (ii) Our practical experience with applying a state-building lens to specific aspects of programming in Sierra Leone and Liberia; (iii) Some operational considerations on approaching statebuilding in fragile, conflict-affected settings; and (iv) Proposals for what an overworked country office can do to support state-building. This paper sits alongside a detailed report on, Donor Support for Capacity Development in Post-Conflict States: Reflections from Two Case Studies in West Africa, which was also developed as part of the UNDP-World Bank collaboration and field missions.

Accountability --- Best Practices --- Bureaucracy --- Conflict and Development --- Consensus --- Constituencies --- Constitutions --- Corruption --- Decentralization --- Discrimination --- Financial Management --- Fraud --- Governance --- Human Rights --- Leadership --- Legislation --- Local Government --- Macroeconomics and Economic Growth --- Monopolies --- National Governance --- Political Economy --- Political Elites --- Politics --- Public Policy --- Public Sector --- Public Sector Development --- Rule of Law --- Sanctions --- Sovereignty --- Transparency --- Violence --- Voter Registration --- Voting

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White slave films, dramas documenting sex scandals, filmed prize fights featuring the controversial African-American boxer Jack Johnson, D.W. Griffith's The Birth of a Nation-all became objects of public concern after 1906, when the proliferation of nickelodeons brought moving pictures to a broad mass public. Lee Grieveson draws on extensive original research to examine the controversies over these films and over cinema more generally. He situates these contestations in the context of regulatory concerns about populations and governance in an early-twentieth-century America grappling with the powerful forces of modernity, in particular, immigration, class formation and conflict, and changing gender roles.Tracing the discourses and practices of cultural and political elites and the responses of the nascent film industry, Grieveson reveals how these interactions had profound effects on the shaping of film content, form, and, more fundamentally, the proposed social function of cinema: how cinema should function in society, the uses to which it might be put, and thus what it could or would be. Policing Cinema develops new perspectives for the understanding of censorship and regulation and the complex relations between governance and culture. In this work, Grieveson offers a compelling analysis of the forces that shaped American cinema and its role in society.

Motion pictures --- Censorship --- History. --- african americans. --- american cinema. --- american culture. --- birth of a nation. --- censorship. --- cinema historians. --- class differences. --- controversial films. --- cultural history. --- early 20th century. --- film content. --- film culture. --- film industry. --- film regulations. --- film scholars. --- film studies. --- gender roles. --- governance and culture. --- immigration issues. --- nonfiction. --- policing art. --- political elites. --- power of cinema. --- prize fights. --- racism. --- role of cinema. --- sex scandals. --- slave films. --- social function. --- social history. --- social justice. --- textbooks.

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Virtually everyone-left, right, and center-believes that capitalist economies are autonomous, coherent, and regulated by their own internal laws. This view is an illusion. The reality is that economies organized around the pursuit of private profit are contradictory, incoherent, and heavily shaped by politics and governmental action. But the illusion remains hugely consequential because it has been embraced by political and economic elites who are convinced that they are powerless to change this system. The result is cycles of raised hopes followed by disappointment as elected officials discover they have no legitimate policy tools that can deliver what the public wants. In Capitalism, leading economic sociologist Fred L. Block argues that restoring the vitality of the United States and the world economy can be accomplished only with major reforms on the scale of the New Deal and the post-World War II building of new global institutions.

Globalization --- Capitalism --- Economic aspects. --- United States --- Economic policy. --- Politics and government. --- american capitalism. --- business. --- capital. --- capitalism. --- capitalist economy. --- capitalist system. --- change the system. --- economic determinism. --- economic development. --- economic policy. --- economic sociology. --- economics. --- economy. --- free enterprise. --- global institutions. --- governmental action. --- governments and governing. --- major reforms. --- money. --- policy tools. --- political elites. --- political theory. --- politics. --- private profit. --- profit. --- sociology. --- the new deal. --- united states of america. --- wealth and poverty. --- wealth. --- world economy.

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Developing a diagnostic and action framework for donor-assisted governance reform in conflict-affected countries and fragile states was the objective of a program implemented by the World Bank's Social Development Department (SDV) and funded by the French Ministry of Foreign Affairs. The first phase of the program developed lessons and outcomes based upon a review of international experience of governance reform in fragile and conflict-affected states. A major objective was to identify specific approaches and activities that will be most effective in strengthening institutions, promoting transparency and accountability, and enhancing capacity at local and national levels. This phase also derived lessons on the utility and shortcomings of governance-related diagnostic tools in designing and evaluating country strategies and programs in fragile states. A key issue concerns methodology. What type of analytical method provides a more useful assessment: country-specific analyses of the political economy, indicators designed for purposes of cross-country comparison, indices that rank state fragility, or some combination of diagnostic tools? The second phase of the program also was in two parts. Cote d'Ivoire's poverty reduction strategy process was used as an entry point for an initiative that facilitated process and method-oriented exercises for local stakeholders on the how rather than the what of policy development in an effort to build governance capacity. One result is a model that may serve for future engagement in other fragile and conflict-affected countries. The second part of this phase is an ongoing effort to work with local partners in the Central African Republic and Chad to identify strategies that could strengthen access to justice at the local level. Activities include assessing the strengths and weaknesses of formal and informal justice systems and mapping community-based practices and informal justice systems, including some under the aegis of NGOs, as well as identifying possible linkages to state justice systems. The paper will first examine the concepts of state fragility and governance in terms of donor engagement. Part two will discuss the lessons (opportunities and constraints), diagnostic tools and entry points for governance reform. Part three will offer conclusions.

Accountability --- Administrative Procedures --- Aid Effectiveness --- Audits --- Civil Service --- Civil War --- Collective Action --- Conflict and Development --- Consensus --- Corporate Governance --- Corruption --- Crime --- Data Collection --- Decentralization --- Democratization --- Discrimination --- Economic Development --- Employment --- Financial Management --- Good Governance --- Governance --- Governance Indicators --- Human Rights --- Inequality --- Judiciary --- Legislation --- Macroeconomics and Economic Growth --- Nation Building --- National Governance --- Patronage --- Political Economy --- Political Elites --- Political Instability --- Public Finance --- Public officials --- Public Opinion --- Public Policy --- Public Sector --- Public Sector Development --- Public Sector Management and Reform --- Public Service Delivery --- Rule of Law --- Social Conflict and Violence --- Social Development --- Social Impact analysis --- Social Justice --- Sovereignty --- Tax Administration --- Technical Assistance --- Transparency --- Violence --- Voting