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Transnational civil society networks have become increasingly important democratizing actors in global politics. Still, the exploration of democracy in such networks remains conceptually and methodologically challenging. Practice theory provides a framework to study democracy as routinized performances even in contexts of fluid boundaries, temporal relations and a diffuse constituency. The author attempts to understand how new forms of democratic practice emerge in the interaction between political actors and their structural environments.

deliberation --- democracy --- transnationalism --- Civil society --- Decision-making --- Friends of the Earth --- Participatory democracy --- Representative democracy

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Between 1978 and 2006, most Latin American countries joined the "third wave of democracy". However, as elected governments were set in place all over the region, authoritarian actors often managed to overshadow democratic procedures and preserve their authoritarian enclaves, hindering the transformation of the state and the advancement of citizens' fundamental rights. This book analyzes the extent to which democratic and authoritarian forces are intertwined in political processes and institutional design and how they affect the inclusion of the citizenry in political decisions. This enables readers to understand how autocratization influences the different dimensions of representative democracy.

Democracy --- Latin America --- Politics and government. --- Autocracy. --- Latin America. --- Political Inclusion. --- Quality of Representation. --- Representative Democracy.

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"Voting advice applications (VAA) have supported Finnish voters for over 20 years in their voting decisions in general elections. Most Finnish VAAs are planned and provided by the media, and they are based on matching opinions of individual candidates with an individual VAA users before elections. Nowadays, in Finland, VAAs are important for almost all age groups. Among the youngest voters VAAs are viewed as the most important source of information to support voting decisions.The book provides up-to-date and comprehensive picture over the role and significance of VAAs in the Finnish political system and in the political communication arena. Research topics deal also with VAA journalism and how candidates perceive VAAs. Research data and data materials in use are wide-ranging. They range from survey data sets to questions of VAAs and from interviews of candidates and VAA producers to media content about VAAs. Theoretical research questions are mostly related to the democratic value of VAAs. This perspective is central also in the end of the book, which opens possible future pathways for the VAAs." "Vaalikoneilla on Suomessa yli 20 vuoden historia. Suurin osa suomalaisista vaalikoneista on median toteuttamia ehdokasvaalikoneita. Niiden merkitys vaalitiedon lähteenä on kohonnut maassamme merkittäväksi lähes kaikissa äänioikeutettujen ikäryhmissä. Nuorimmille äänestäjille vaalikoneet ovat jo merkittävin äänestyspäätösten tietolähde.Teos tarjoaa ajantasaisen ja kattavan kuvan vaalikoneiden nykyisestä asemasta suomalaisessa poliittisessa järjestelmässä ja viestintäkentässä. Uusia tutkimuksellisia näkökulmia ovat vaalikonejournalismi sekä ehdokkaiden näkemykset vaalikoneista. Tutkimusaineisto koostuu valitsijakyselyistä, vaalikoneiden analyysista, vaalikoneita koskevista uutisista sekä ehdokkaiden, kampanjavastaavien ja vaalikoneiden tekijöiden haastatteluista. Kirja lähestyy vaalikoneita erilaisista demokratianäkökohdista ja pohtii laajasti myös vaalikoneiden kehittämismahdollisuuksia."

Elections & referenda --- voting advice applications --- journalism --- representative democracy --- elections --- voting --- Finland --- vaalikoneet --- käyttö --- äänestäminen --- vaalit --- media --- uutisointi --- poliittinen journalismi --- edustuksellinen demokratia --- Suomi

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"Voting advice applications (VAA) have supported Finnish voters for over 20 years in their voting decisions in general elections. Most Finnish VAAs are planned and provided by the media, and they are based on matching opinions of individual candidates with an individual VAA users before elections. Nowadays, in Finland, VAAs are important for almost all age groups. Among the youngest voters VAAs are viewed as the most important source of information to support voting decisions.The book provides up-to-date and comprehensive picture over the role and significance of VAAs in the Finnish political system and in the political communication arena. Research topics deal also with VAA journalism and how candidates perceive VAAs. Research data and data materials in use are wide-ranging. They range from survey data sets to questions of VAAs and from interviews of candidates and VAA producers to media content about VAAs. Theoretical research questions are mostly related to the democratic value of VAAs. This perspective is central also in the end of the book, which opens possible future pathways for the VAAs." Vaalikoneilla on Suomessa yli 20 vuoden historia. Suurin osa suomalaisista vaalikoneista on median toteuttamia ehdokasvaalikoneita. Niiden merkitys vaalitiedon lähteenä on kohonnut maassamme merkittäväksi lähes kaikissa äänioikeutettujen ikäryhmissä. Nuorimmille äänestäjille vaalikoneet ovat jo merkittävin äänestyspäätösten tietolähde. Teos tarjoaa ajantasaisen ja kattavan kuvan vaalikoneiden nykyisestä asemasta suomalaisessa poliittisessa järjestelmässä ja viestintäkentässä. Uusia tutkimuksellisia näkökulmia ovat vaalikonejournalismi sekä ehdokkaiden näkemykset vaalikoneista. Tutkimusaineisto koostuu valitsijakyselyistä, vaalikoneiden analyysista, vaalikoneita koskevista uutisista sekä ehdokkaiden, kampanjavastaavien ja vaalikoneiden tekijöiden haastatteluista. Kirja lähestyy vaalikoneita erilaisista demokratianäkökohdista ja pohtii laajasti myös vaalikoneiden kehittämismahdollisuuksia.

Elections & referenda --- voting advice applications --- journalism --- representative democracy --- elections --- voting --- Finland --- vaalikoneet --- käyttö --- äänestäminen --- vaalit --- media --- uutisointi --- poliittinen journalismi --- edustuksellinen demokratia --- Suomi --- Democracy. --- Voting advice applications (Application software) --- Journalism. --- Elections --- Voting. --- vaalikoneet. --- käyttö. --- äänestäminen. --- vaalit. --- presidentinvaalit. --- eduskuntavaalit. --- media. --- uutisointi. --- poliittinen journalismi. --- valkompasser. --- användning. --- röstning. --- val (samhälleliga händelser) --- presidentval. --- riksdagsval. --- nyhetsrapportering. --- politisk journalistik. --- Finland. --- Suomi.

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A review of the history of the United States from its colonial origins shows how Americas successful development has always been guided by two basic principles: representative democracy, and a proper division of power between national and subnational governments. The United States of America was established as an independent nation by a congress of delegates from 13 provincial assemblies, each of which consisted of representatives elected by their communities. Since colonial times, local democratic rights have attracted immigrants to help build new towns in the growing nation. Responsible local governments in America have had the power and the incentive to make local public investments for developing prosperous communities. Democratic competition in America has been strengthened by the ability of successful local leaders to become competitive candidates for higher offices. But in spite of Americas example, many nations since the French Revolution have instead been drawn to centralized democracy, as national elites may prefer to centralize power around themselves. Americas successful growth ultimately depended on its citizens basic understanding that their welfare and security were enhanced by a balanced federal division of power between their elected local governments and the higher sovereign government of their nation.

Autocracy --- Autonomy --- Bank --- Bribes --- By elections --- Candidates --- Citizens --- Committees --- Complaints --- Confidence --- Democracy --- Democratic development --- Development policy --- Diplomats --- Elected representatives --- Election --- Equal partners --- Federal government --- Franchise --- Global development --- Governance --- Government --- Government officials --- Governor --- Health, nutrition and population --- Human rights --- Immigrant --- Law --- Leadership --- Legal protection --- Legal rights --- Legislators --- Local governments --- Local representatives --- Majorities --- Minister --- Nation --- National government --- National leaders --- National level --- Officials --- Old regime --- Oligarchy --- Organizations --- Parliament --- Parliamentary government --- Patronage --- Policy --- Policy discussions --- Policy research --- Policy research working paper --- Political decentralization --- Political influence --- Political opposition --- Political power --- Political settlements --- Political support --- Political system --- Political traditions --- Politicians --- Politics --- Politics and government --- Popular support --- Population --- Population policies --- Progress --- Public sector corruption and anticorruption measures --- Public sector development --- Public service --- Representative democracy --- Representative government --- Representatives --- Resolution --- Right to vote --- Rights --- Service --- Slavery --- Sovereignty --- State government --- Strategy --- Universal human rights --- War