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ImmunoPhysics (ImmPhys) and ImmunoEngineering (ImmPhysEng), are two cross-disciplinary fields. ImmPhysEng aims to unravel quantitatively the immune-system function and regulation in health and disease. Whereas ImmPhys study and assess the physical basis of the immune response, ImmEng pursues its control and prediction. Ultimately, the overarching goal of these disciplines is to facilitate the development of therapeutic interventions to more precisely modulate and control the compromised immune response during diseases. Lately, these disciplines are becoming more popular and as such, the number of publications applying physical or engineering tools to understand the immune response is increasing. Nevertheless, there is still no scientific forum compiling the ImmPhysEng research breakthroughs. Possibly the biggest burden is to stimulate a fluent communication and syntony between a physicist or engineer and an immunologist.

immunophysics --- immunoengineering --- T cell biology --- biophysics --- cell membrane --- cell sensing and remodeling --- super resolution (SR) --- quantitative imaging

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ImmunoPhysics (ImmPhys) and ImmunoEngineering (ImmPhysEng), are two cross-disciplinary fields. ImmPhysEng aims to unravel quantitatively the immune-system function and regulation in health and disease. Whereas ImmPhys study and assess the physical basis of the immune response, ImmEng pursues its control and prediction. Ultimately, the overarching goal of these disciplines is to facilitate the development of therapeutic interventions to more precisely modulate and control the compromised immune response during diseases. Lately, these disciplines are becoming more popular and as such, the number of publications applying physical or engineering tools to understand the immune response is increasing. Nevertheless, there is still no scientific forum compiling the ImmPhysEng research breakthroughs. Possibly the biggest burden is to stimulate a fluent communication and syntony between a physicist or engineer and an immunologist.

Science: general issues --- Physics --- immunophysics --- immunoengineering --- T cell biology --- biophysics --- cell membrane --- cell sensing and remodeling --- super resolution (SR) --- quantitative imaging

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The concept of remote sensing as a way of capturing information from an object without making contact with it has, until recently, been exclusively focused on the use of Earth observation satellites.The emergence of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) with Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) controlled navigation and sensor-carrying capabilities has increased the number of publications related to new remote sensing from much closer distances. Previous knowledge about the behavior of the Earth's surface under the incidence different wavelengths of energy has been successfully applied to a large amount of data recorded from UAVs, thereby increasing the special and temporal resolution of the products obtained.More specifically, the ability of UAVs to be positioned in the air at pre-programmed coordinate points; to track flight paths; and in any case, to record the coordinates of the sensor position at the time of the shot and at the pitch, yaw, and roll angles have opened an interesting field of applications for low-altitude aerial photogrammetry, known as UAV photogrammetry. In addition, photogrammetric data processing has been improved thanks to the combination of new algorithms, e.g., structure from motion (SfM), which solves the collinearity equations without the need for any control point, producing a cloud of points referenced to an arbitrary coordinate system and a full camera calibration, and the multi-view stereopsis (MVS) algorithm, which applies an expanding procedure of sparse set of matched keypoints in order to obtain a dense point cloud. The set of technical advances described above allows for geometric modeling of terrain surfaces with high accuracy, minimizing the need for topographic campaigns for georeferencing of such products.This Special Issue aims to compile some applications realized thanks to the synergies established between new remote sensing from close distances and UAV photogrammetry.

Technology: general issues --- unmanned aerial vehicle --- urban LULC --- GEOBIA --- multiscale classification --- unmanned aircraft system (UAS) --- deep learning --- super-resolution (SR) --- convolutional neural network (CNN) --- generative adversarial network (GAN) --- structure-from-motion --- photogrammetry --- remote sensing --- UAV --- 3D-model --- surveying --- vertical wall --- snow --- remotely piloted aircraft systems --- structure from motion --- lidar --- forests --- orthophotography --- construction planning --- sustainable construction --- urbanism --- BIM --- building maintenance --- unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) --- structure-from-motion (SfM) --- ground control points (GCP) --- accuracy assessment --- point clouds --- corridor mapping --- UAV photogrammetry --- terrain modeling --- vegetation removal --- unmanned aerial vehicles --- power lines --- image-based reconstruction --- 3D reconstruction --- unmanned aerial systems --- time series --- accuracy --- reproducibility --- orthomosaic --- validation --- drone --- GNSS RTK --- precision --- elevation --- multispectral imaging --- vegetation indices --- nutritional analysis --- correlation --- optimal harvest time --- UAV images --- monoscopic mapping --- stereoscopic plotting --- image overlap --- optimal image selection --- n/a

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For many decades, researchers have been trying to make computers’ analysis of images as effective as the system of human vision is. For this purpose, many algorithms and systems have previously been created. The whole process covers various stages, including image processing, representation and recognition. The results of this work can be applied to many computer-assisted areas of everyday life. They improve particular activities and provide handy tools, which are sometimes only for entertainment, but quite often, they significantly increase our safety. In fact, the practical implementation of image processing algorithms is particularly wide. Moreover, the rapid growth of computational complexity and computer efficiency has allowed for the development of more sophisticated and effective algorithms and tools. Although significant progress has been made so far, many issues still remain, resulting in the need for the development of novel approaches.

Information technology industries --- Computer science --- CIELab --- component Substitution --- Pan sharpening --- Pléiades VHR Image --- coal --- inertinite macerals --- classification --- multifractal analysis --- support vector machine --- block-based coding --- video coding --- H.265/HEVC --- affine motion compensation --- image registration --- homography matrix --- local homography transformation --- convolutional neural network --- moving direct linear transformation --- super-resolution (SR) --- convolution neural network (CNN) --- Gene Expression Programming (GEP) --- deep learning --- image preclassification --- suspicious behavior detection --- motion --- magnitude --- gradient --- reactivity --- saliency --- haze removal --- dark channel --- atmospheric-light estimation --- coarse-to-fine search strategy --- sparse dictionary --- stable recovery --- frame --- RIP --- local dimming --- retinex theory --- bi-histogram equalization --- contrast ratio --- details preservation --- pansharpening --- image fusion --- image quality --- Satellite Pour l’Observation de la Terre (SPOT) 6 --- spectral consistency --- spatial consistency --- synthesis --- artificial intelligence --- dental application --- images --- detection --- parseval frame --- transform --- sparse representation --- octave convolution --- bilingual scene text reading --- Ethiopic script --- attention --- nasal cytology --- automatic cell segmentation --- rhinology --- image analysis --- feature extraction --- shape context --- plant recognition --- DPCNN --- BOF --- numeral spotting --- historical document analysis --- convolutional neural networks --- deep transfer learning --- handwritten digit recognition --- spectrum correction --- intensity correction --- compressed sensing --- tradeoff process --- IKONOS --- remote sensing --- fine-tuning --- learning rate scheduler --- cyclical learning rates --- label smoothing --- classification accuracy --- neural networks --- salient object detection --- RGB-D --- object detection --- small object --- multi-scale sampling --- balanced sampling --- texture --- structure --- optical --- coke --- iron ore --- sinter --- image processing --- segmentation --- identification --- action recognition --- silhouette sequences --- shape features --- ambient assisted living --- active ageing --- n/a --- Pléiades VHR Image --- Satellite Pour l'Observation de la Terre (SPOT) 6

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For many decades, researchers have been trying to make computers’ analysis of images as effective as the system of human vision is. For this purpose, many algorithms and systems have previously been created. The whole process covers various stages, including image processing, representation and recognition. The results of this work can be applied to many computer-assisted areas of everyday life. They improve particular activities and provide handy tools, which are sometimes only for entertainment, but quite often, they significantly increase our safety. In fact, the practical implementation of image processing algorithms is particularly wide. Moreover, the rapid growth of computational complexity and computer efficiency has allowed for the development of more sophisticated and effective algorithms and tools. Although significant progress has been made so far, many issues still remain, resulting in the need for the development of novel approaches.

CIELab --- component Substitution --- Pan sharpening --- Pléiades VHR Image --- coal --- inertinite macerals --- classification --- multifractal analysis --- support vector machine --- block-based coding --- video coding --- H.265/HEVC --- affine motion compensation --- image registration --- homography matrix --- local homography transformation --- convolutional neural network --- moving direct linear transformation --- super-resolution (SR) --- convolution neural network (CNN) --- Gene Expression Programming (GEP) --- deep learning --- image preclassification --- suspicious behavior detection --- motion --- magnitude --- gradient --- reactivity --- saliency --- haze removal --- dark channel --- atmospheric-light estimation --- coarse-to-fine search strategy --- sparse dictionary --- stable recovery --- frame --- RIP --- local dimming --- retinex theory --- bi-histogram equalization --- contrast ratio --- details preservation --- pansharpening --- image fusion --- image quality --- Satellite Pour l’Observation de la Terre (SPOT) 6 --- spectral consistency --- spatial consistency --- synthesis --- artificial intelligence --- dental application --- images --- detection --- parseval frame --- transform --- sparse representation --- octave convolution --- bilingual scene text reading --- Ethiopic script --- attention --- nasal cytology --- automatic cell segmentation --- rhinology --- image analysis --- feature extraction --- shape context --- plant recognition --- DPCNN --- BOF --- numeral spotting --- historical document analysis --- convolutional neural networks --- deep transfer learning --- handwritten digit recognition --- spectrum correction --- intensity correction --- compressed sensing --- tradeoff process --- IKONOS --- remote sensing --- fine-tuning --- learning rate scheduler --- cyclical learning rates --- label smoothing --- classification accuracy --- neural networks --- salient object detection --- RGB-D --- object detection --- small object --- multi-scale sampling --- balanced sampling --- texture --- structure --- optical --- coke --- iron ore --- sinter --- image processing --- segmentation --- identification --- action recognition --- silhouette sequences --- shape features --- ambient assisted living --- active ageing --- n/a --- Pléiades VHR Image --- Satellite Pour l'Observation de la Terre (SPOT) 6