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#GOSA:V.HedT.Alg.M --- #GOSA:V.A.M --- #GGSB: Filosofie (20e eeuw) --- #GGSB: Antropologie --- GOSA:VHedTAlgM. --- GOSA:VAM. --- GGSB: Filosofie (20e eeuw). --- GGSB: Antropologie. --- Filosofie (20e eeuw) --- Antropologie

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Catalysts are made of nanoparticles of metals, metal oxides, and other compounds that may act as active phases, support the latter, or a combination of both. The initial incentive to reduce as much as possible, up to the nano-scale, the size of the particles of active catalyst components is to maximize the surface area exposed to reactants, thus minimizing the specific cost per function and increasing the rate of conversion of feedstocks to products in relatively simple reactions. Nowadays, the interest in nanocatalyst developments has shifted to an emphasis on improving the selectivity of catalysts, allowing one to obtain desirable reactions in more complex synthetic processes. Thus, new generations of nanocatalysts should be designed at the molecular level to display well-defined structural characteristics, in terms of size, shapes, hierarchical porosity, and morphologies, as well as with controlled chemical composition. The development of efficient nanocatalysts supposes the characterization of their various surface active sites at the nanometer scale, which is focused on establishing synthesis–structure–performance relationships.

Research & information: general --- plasmonic photocatalyst --- metal nanoparticle --- N–TiO2 --- nanocomposites --- photocatalytic selective oxidation --- heterogeneous catalysis --- transition metal nitrides --- hydrogen production --- formic acid decomposition --- nickel catalyst --- calcium oxide promoter --- silica support --- Iron-based perovskites --- copper --- NO oxidation to NO2 --- NO2-assisted diesel soot oxidation --- soot oxidation under GDI exhaust conditions --- aqueous-phase reforming --- nickel --- ceria --- zirconia --- calcium --- yttrium --- methanol --- graphite --- reduced graphene oxide --- nitrogen-doped reduced graphene oxide --- exfoliation --- oxygen reduction reaction --- electrocatalysis --- UiO-66 --- iron --- cobalt --- nanocatalyst --- CO oxidation --- COProx --- methane --- oxidation catalysis --- formaldehyde --- magnetite iron oxide --- Fe3O4 --- palladium --- Pd --- silver --- Ag --- low-temperature activity --- nanocomposite --- Raman --- TG in air --- TG in hydrogen --- XRD --- electron microscopy --- EDS --- coordination polymers --- methane storage --- XRD crystallinity measurements --- mechanical shaping --- compaction --- VAM --- gas separation --- MOF pelletization --- catalysts --- dimerization --- isobutene --- olefins --- n/a

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Catalysts are made of nanoparticles of metals, metal oxides, and other compounds that may act as active phases, support the latter, or a combination of both. The initial incentive to reduce as much as possible, up to the nano-scale, the size of the particles of active catalyst components is to maximize the surface area exposed to reactants, thus minimizing the specific cost per function and increasing the rate of conversion of feedstocks to products in relatively simple reactions. Nowadays, the interest in nanocatalyst developments has shifted to an emphasis on improving the selectivity of catalysts, allowing one to obtain desirable reactions in more complex synthetic processes. Thus, new generations of nanocatalysts should be designed at the molecular level to display well-defined structural characteristics, in terms of size, shapes, hierarchical porosity, and morphologies, as well as with controlled chemical composition. The development of efficient nanocatalysts supposes the characterization of their various surface active sites at the nanometer scale, which is focused on establishing synthesis–structure–performance relationships.

plasmonic photocatalyst --- metal nanoparticle --- N–TiO2 --- nanocomposites --- photocatalytic selective oxidation --- heterogeneous catalysis --- transition metal nitrides --- hydrogen production --- formic acid decomposition --- nickel catalyst --- calcium oxide promoter --- silica support --- Iron-based perovskites --- copper --- NO oxidation to NO2 --- NO2-assisted diesel soot oxidation --- soot oxidation under GDI exhaust conditions --- aqueous-phase reforming --- nickel --- ceria --- zirconia --- calcium --- yttrium --- methanol --- graphite --- reduced graphene oxide --- nitrogen-doped reduced graphene oxide --- exfoliation --- oxygen reduction reaction --- electrocatalysis --- UiO-66 --- iron --- cobalt --- nanocatalyst --- CO oxidation --- COProx --- methane --- oxidation catalysis --- formaldehyde --- magnetite iron oxide --- Fe3O4 --- palladium --- Pd --- silver --- Ag --- low-temperature activity --- nanocomposite --- Raman --- TG in air --- TG in hydrogen --- XRD --- electron microscopy --- EDS --- coordination polymers --- methane storage --- XRD crystallinity measurements --- mechanical shaping --- compaction --- VAM --- gas separation --- MOF pelletization --- catalysts --- dimerization --- isobutene --- olefins --- n/a

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How the WTO deals with regional trade agreements (RTAs) is conceptually and practically one of the most important questions in international trade law. This book clarifies that relationship focussing on one form of regional integration – customs unions – and one form of trade measures – anti-dumping measures. This book answers the question how anti-dumping measures and legislation change if a state is in a customs union as well. In doing so, this book provides a new reasoning why anti-dumping measures are modified in customs unions, as well as a comprehensive overview of how this has happened, a legal analysis on the legality of these changes, and an answer to the question how the different institutional settings have impacted questions of responsibility and attribution. Going beyond this, this book also considers the specific problems that arise in cases of economic integration and disintegration, and finally, the impact forming a customs union has on third parties that may impose anti-dumping measures on states that are members of a customs union.

World Trade Organisation. --- customs union. --- anti-dumping duty. --- anti-dumping legislation. --- Antidumping duties. --- Customs unions --- Tariff --- Anti-dumping duties --- Antidumping tariffs --- Contingent duties --- Countervailing duties --- Law and legislation. --- World Trade Organization. --- Biśva Bāṇijya Saṃsthā --- Dėlkhiĭn Khudaldaany Baĭguullaga --- DTÖ --- Dünya Ticaret Örgütü --- Munaẓẓamat al-Tijārah al-ʻĀlamīyah --- O.M.C. --- OMC --- ʻOngkān Kānkhā Lōk --- Organisation mondiale du commerce --- Organização Mundial do Comércio --- Organización Mundial de Comercio --- Organización Mundial del Comercio --- Organizația Mondială de Comerț --- Organizzazione mondiale del commercio --- Organizzazione mondiale per il commercio --- Qaṅgkār Bāṇijjakamm Bibhab Lok --- Sāzmān-i Tijārat-i Jahānī --- Shi jie mao yi zu zhi --- SOT --- Světová obchodní organizace --- Svitova orhanizat︠s︡ii︠a︡ torhivli --- Światowa Organizacja Handlu --- Tổ chức thương mại thế giới --- Viśva Vyapāra Saṅgaṭhana --- Vsemirnai︠a︡ torgovai︠a︡ organizat︠s︡ii︠a︡ --- VTO --- W.T.O. --- Welthandelsorganisation --- World Trade Organisation --- WTO --- منظمة التجارة العالمية --- 世界貿易組織 --- 世界贸易组织 --- General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (Organization) --- legislație antidumping --- leġiżlazzjoni anti-dumping --- antidempingo įstatymai --- legislazione antidumping --- legislación antidumping --- reachtaíocht frithdhumpála --- antidempinga tiesību akti --- polkumyyntilainsäädäntö --- protidampinška zakonodaja --- legjislacioni antidumping --- législation antidumping --- antidumpinglovgivning --- protidumpingová legislativa --- antidumpningslagstiftning --- antidumpingwetgeving --- νομοθεσία αντιντάμπινγκ --- ustawodawstwo antydumpingowe --- антидъмпингово законодателство --- antidumpingová legislatíva --- Antidumpinggesetzgebung --- dumpinguvastane seadusandlus --- законодавство за антидампинг --- protudampinško zakonodavstvo --- dömpingellenes jogszabályok --- legislação antidumping --- антидампиншко законодавство --- dumpinguvastane koodeks --- anti-dumping code --- lutte antidumping --- κώδικας αντιντάμπινγκ --- queixa antidumping --- καταγγελίες αντιντάμπινγκ --- antidumpningskod --- antidumpingové konanie --- code antidumping --- antidumping --- dömpingellenes eljárás --- polkumyyntimenettely --- διαδικασία αντιντάμπινγκ --- antidampinško zakonodavstvo --- bestrijding van dumping --- Antidumpingverordnung --- dömpingellenes kódex --- ricorso antidumping --- antidempingo kodeksas --- antidempinga kodekss --- antidumpning --- καταπολέμηση του ντάμπινγκ --- antidumpingprocedure --- polkumyyntisäännöt --- procedimento antidumping --- anti-dumping proceeding --- processo antidumping --- antidumpingvoorschriften --- lotta antidumping --- procedură antidumping --- antidumpningsförfarande --- procedimiento antidumping --- antidempingo procedūra --- dumpinguvastane menetlus --- antidempinga procedūra --- kodi antidamping --- antidumpingkodex --- Antidumping --- antidumpingový zákon --- código antidumping --- reclamo antidumping --- bekæmpelse af dumping --- luta antidumping --- codice antidumping --- antidumpingové opatření --- lucha antidumping --- kamp mot dumpning --- antidampinški postupak --- antidumpningsprocedur --- procédure antidumping --- procedura antidamping --- anti-dumpingwetgeving --- Antidumpingverfahren --- antidumpingový zákonník --- legislação anti-dumping --- antidumpingtold --- dömpingellenes vám --- dleacht frithdhumpála --- taxă antidumping --- droits antidumping --- protidampinška carina --- antidumpingheffing --- такса на дампинг --- dumpinguvastane tollimaks --- Antidumpingzoll --- dazio antidumping --- protidumpingové clo --- cło antydumpingowe --- антидъмпингов данък --- direitos antidumping --- detyrim antidumpingu --- polkumyyntitulli --- антидампинг давачка --- antidumpningstull --- antidempinga muita --- derechos antidumping --- protudampinška pristojba --- dazju ta’ antidumping --- antidempingo mokestis --- δασμοί αντιντάμπινγκ --- antidumpingové clo --- definitiv antidumpningstull --- konečné protidumpingové clo --- privremena protudampinška pristojba --- pretdempinga muita --- direitos antidumping provisórios --- антидампинг такса --- dočasné antidumpingové clo --- dazio antidumping definitivo --- laikinasis antidempingo mokestis --- final anti-dumping duty --- ideiglenes dömpingellenes vám --- väliaikainen polkumyyntitulli --- anti-dumpingheffing --- vorläufiger Antidumpingzoll --- végső dömpingellenes vám --- endgültiger Antidumpingzoll --- ajutine dumpinguvastane tollimaks --- antidampinška pristojba --- temporary anti-dumping duty --- galīgais antidempinga maksājums --- antidumpingafgifter --- prozatímní protidumpingové clo --- provisorisk antidumpningstull --- detyrimi antidamping përfundimtar --- galutinis antidempingo mokestis --- lõplik dumpinguvastane tollimaks --- taxă antidumping definitivă --- taxă antidumping temporară --- dazio compensativo --- direitos antidumping definitivos --- definitieve antidumpingheffing --- προσωρινοί δασμοί αντιντάμπινγκ --- endelig antidumpingtold --- οριστικοί δασμοί αντιντάμπινγκ --- carinska pristojba kao protuteža inozemnom dampingu --- droits antidumping provisoires --- droits antidumping définitifs --- konečné antidumpingové clo --- lopullinen polkumyyntitulli --- direitos anti-dumping --- midlertidig antidumpingtold --- detyrimi antidamping i përkohshëm --- derechos antidumping provisionales --- pagaidu antidempinga maksājums --- voorlopige antidumpingheffing --- дефинитивна антидампинг давачка --- dazio antidumping provvisorio --- derechos antidumping definitivos --- привремена антидампинг давачка --- uniune vamală --- muitų sąjunga --- muitas savienība --- τελωνειακή ένωση --- toldunion --- unjoni doganali --- царинска унија --- vámunió --- colná únia --- unia celna --- unión aduanera --- aontas custaim --- unione doganale --- carinska unija --- douane-unie --- celní unie --- tullunion --- bashkim doganor --- tulliliitto --- união aduaneira --- митнически съюз --- Zollunion --- union douanière --- tolliliit --- territorio doganale unico --- Παγκόσμιος Οργανισμός Εμπορίου --- Wereldhandelsorganisatie --- Organizația Mondială a Comerțului --- Maailma Kaubandusorganisatsioon --- Organizata Botërore e Tregëtisë --- Światowa Organizacja Handlu --- Светска трговинска организација --- Organización Mundial del Comercio --- Kereskedelmi Világszervezet --- Pasaulio prekybos organizacija --- Verdenshandelsorganisationen --- Světová obchodní organizace --- Svjetska trgovinska organizacija --- Световна търговска организация --- Organização Mundial do Comércio --- Pasaules Tirdzniecības organizācija --- l-OrganizzazzjoniDinjija tal-Kummerċ --- Светска трговска организација --- Världshandelsorganisationen --- An Eagraíocht Dhomhanda Trádála --- Maailman kauppajärjestö --- Svetová obchodná organizácia --- Svetovna trgovinska organizacija --- EDT --- STO --- OBT --- PTO (starptautiskā tirdzniecība) --- СТО --- WTO (l-Organizzazzjoni Dinjija tal-Kummerċ) --- Wereld-handelsorganisatie --- Světová organizace obchodu --- World Trade Organization --- PPO --- ΠΟΕ --- International law. --- Trade regulation. --- International Economic Law, Trade Law. --- Regulation of trade --- Regulatory reform --- Trade regulation --- Commercial law --- Consumer protection --- Deregulation --- Law of nations --- Nations, Law of --- Public international law --- Law --- Law and legislation

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E-commerce and EU VAT focusses on the e-commerce rules being introduced by the European Union (EU) Member States and similar rules that have been introduced in major non-EU jurisdictions – Norway, Switzerland, the United Kingdom and the United States. The new EU rules governing the online sales of goods and services affect all businesses that sell online to EU customers, no matter where the seller is based. Digitalisation has transformed the way goods and services are traded, challenging the very existence of traditional forms of retailing.

BTW --- lidstaat --- Europese Unie --- douane --- carina --- Zoll --- vám --- toll --- dwana --- tullväsen --- customs --- carinarnica --- τελωνείο --- clo --- alfândega --- aduana --- muita --- tulli --- царина --- doganë --- urząd celny --- митница --- vamă --- muitinė --- dogana --- colnica --- toldvæsen --- zona aduanera --- tullialue --- douanegebied --- dogana di confine --- gränspostering --- Zollstelle --- robežkontroles postenis --- Zollgebiet --- pikë kufitare --- customs-house --- robežpostenis --- царински терминал --- царинарница --- puesto de aduana --- raja-asema --- vámterület --- zonë doganore --- tullzon --- τελωνειακό γραφείο --- υπηρεσίες τελωνοφυλακής --- vámház --- υπηρεσίες τελωνειακών γραφείων --- zone douanière --- frontier post --- celnice --- muitinės pastatas --- Zollübergangsstelle --- muitas zona --- vámhivatal --- царински пункт --- poste de douane --- grænsestation --- rajanylityspaikka --- pasienio postas --- toldstation --- dogana interna --- Grenzübergangsstelle --- posto di frontiera --- hraničný bod --- carinska zona --- τελωνειακός σταθμός --- celní zóna --- határvámhivatal --- muitinės zona --- punct de frontieră --- toldzone --- posto alfandegário --- tullikamari --- граничен пункт --- linea doganale --- zona alfandegária --- gränspost --- hraničný post --- poste frontière --- Grenzzollstelle --- τελωνειακή ζώνη --- poste frontalier --- celní hranice --- τελωνοφυλάκιο --- tullstation --- puesto de frontera --- area doganale --- posto fronteiriço --- colný objekt --- царинска управа --- zona di dogana --- customs zone --- puesto fronterizo --- piiripunkt --- határállomás --- colná zóna --- douanepost --- border post --- dogana internazionale --- τελωνοσταθμαρχείο --- piiriületuspunkt --- tollipunkt --- Zollbezirk --- tollitsoon --- valstybės sienos postas --- posto di dogana --- гранична ветеринарна инспекција --- grenspost --- царинско подрачје --- Union européenne --- Europska unija --- União Europeia --- Ευρωπαϊκή Ένωση --- Európska únia --- Európai Unió --- Europäische Union --- Europos Sąjunga --- Evropská unie --- Европска унија --- Unjoni Ewropea --- Европейски съюз --- Europeiska unionen --- European Union --- Euroopan unioni --- Eiropas Savienība --- Unión Europea --- Evropska unija --- Unia Europejska --- Unione europea --- Uniunea Europeană --- Den Europæiske Union --- Европска Унија --- Euroopa Liit --- an tAontas Eorpach --- Bashkimi Europian --- Sąjungos institucija --- Sąjungos teisė --- právo Únie --- νόμος της Ένωσης --- Savienības tiesības --- wet van de Unie --- legge dell'Unione --- Europæisk Union --- unionslagstiftning --- atto dell'Unione --- AE --- loi de l'Union --- EU --- e drejta e Bashkimit --- ЕУ --- lege a Uniunii Europene --- Union law --- paese membro --- país miembro --- χώρα μέλος --- jäsenmaa --- țări membre --- liikmesriik --- vend anëtar --- valstybė narė --- Mitgliedsland --- member country --- medlemsland --- pajjiż membru --- država članica --- medlemsstat --- país membro --- kraj członkowski --- земља чланица --- členská země --- държава член --- dalībvalsts --- pays membre --- členská krajina --- земја членка --- tagország --- tagállam --- Estado membro --- členský štát --- país-membro --- šalis narė --- zemlja članica --- liikmesmaa --- Estados-membros --- Stato membro --- Estado miembro --- κράτη μέλη --- členský stát --- κράτος μέλος --- État membre --- taxxa fuq il-valur miżjud --- ДДВ --- MwSt. --- PVM --- ALV --- DPH --- moms --- ДДС --- PDV --- hozzáadottérték-adó --- käibemaks --- VAT --- Cáin Bhreisluacha --- daň z přidané hodnoty --- TVSH --- TVA --- DDV --- ПДВ --- IVA --- ΦΠΑ --- PVN --- Umsatzsteuer --- impuesto sobre el volumen de negocios --- daň z pridanej hodnoty --- pievienotās vērtības nodoklis --- belasting op de toegevoegde waarde --- alv. --- tatim mbi vlerën e shtuar --- omsætningsafgift --- omzetbelasting --- imposto sobre o valor acrescentado --- apyvartos mokestis --- taxă pe valoarea adăugată --- данък върху добавената стойност --- turnover tax --- héa --- taxe sur le chiffre d'affaires --- apgrozījuma nodoklis --- obratová daň --- Φόρος Κύκλου Εργασιών --- tatim mbi xhiron --- kumuleeruv käibemaks --- Mehrwertsteuer --- lisandväärtusmaks --- liikevaihtovero --- данок на додадена вредност --- davek na dodano vrednost --- daň z obratu --- porez na dodanu vrijednost --- mervärdesskatt --- merværdiafgift --- taxe sur la valeur ajoutée --- pridėtinės vertės mokestis --- порез на додату вредност --- imposta sulla cifra d'affari --- arvonlisävero --- value added tax --- áfa --- általános forgalmi adó --- impuesto sobre el valor añadido --- impuesto sobre el tráfico de empresas --- CBL --- φόρος προστιθέμενης αξίας --- imposta sul valore aggiunto --- omsättningsskatt --- podatek od wartości dodanej --- Electronic commerce --- Commerce électronique --- Taxe sur la valeur ajoutée --- Law and legislation --- Droit européen. --- custaim --- ballstát