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"Cet ouvrage présente une nouvelle approche originelle à la vielle question de la variation du ne de négation en français moderne. Soigneusement établie sur un corpus de langue parlée, l’auteur présente l’hypothèse de la variation linguistique pluridimensionnelle : le clitique négatif ne est parfois réalisé, comme dans la phrase ma mère ne vient pas, mais très souvent omis, surtout dans la communication informelle : je viens pas. Comme toute variable lin-guistique, le ne de négation est soumis à un ensemble d’influences poten-tielles. À l’aide d’une analyse multifactorielle, Charlotte Meisner montre que la variation pluridimensionnelle du ne de négation est déterminée par un facteur-clé sous-jacent : la prosodie du français moderne."--Éditeur.

French language --- Langue d'oïl --- Romance languages --- Negatives --- E-books --- Negatives. --- Linguistique --- Langues --- language --- kalba --- teanga --- limbaj --- lenguaje --- език --- język --- kieli --- linguaggio --- keel --- linguagem --- јазик --- taal --- lingwa --- gjuhë --- jezik --- γλώσσα --- nyelv --- jazyk --- språk --- langage --- valoda --- sprog --- Sprache --- језик --- lingua --- analyse --- français --- Meisner --- négation --- pluridimensionnelle --- variation

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Confrontés à une réalité linguistique sensiblement analogue, les États français, italien et espagnol n’ont pas apporté la même réponse juridique à la question des langues régionales ou minoritaires. Cette divergence des solutions s’explique principalement par une conception différente du principe d’indivisibilité de part et d’autre des Alpes et des Pyrénées. Alors que la France consacre l’unité linguistique comme vecteur de son unité nationale, l’Italie et l’Espagne ont, dans le cadre de leur unité, reconnu un pluralisme linguistique. La différence de solutions démontre également une différence d’approche. Si elle a longtemps été traitée sous le seul angle institutionnel, la question des langues régionales ou minoritaires se pose aujourd’hui davantage en termes de droits fondamentaux. Il ne s’agit plus tant d’accorder un statut à ces langues mais de reconnaître à leurs locuteurs des droits linguistiques. L’émergence de cette approche substantielle invite la France à repenser la question des langues régionales ou minoritaires et ce, dans sa Constitution.

Linguistic rights --- Constitutional law --- Droits linguistiques --- Droit constitutionnel --- Linguistic minorities --- Language and languages --- Legal status, laws, etc --- Law and legislation --- BPB0904 --- Langue régionale --- Langue minoritaire --- Streektaal --- Minderheidstaal --- Language policy --- France --- Spain --- Italy --- Minority languages --- Minorities --- Sociolinguistics --- Foreign languages --- Languages --- Anthropology --- Communication --- Ethnology --- Information theory --- Meaning (Psychology) --- Philology --- Linguistics --- língua regional --- regionalt språk --- regionálny jazyk --- reģionālā valoda --- regionális nyelv --- regioninė kalba --- lingua regionale --- регионален език --- gjuhë rajonale --- regionální jazyk --- lingwa reġjonali --- limbaj regional --- τοπική γλώσσα --- Regionalsprache --- регионални језик --- regionaalkeel --- lengua regional --- regional language --- język regionalny --- alueellinen kieli --- regionalt sprog --- regionalni jezik --- streektaal --- регионален јазик --- místní mluva --- дијалект --- interdialekt --- lengua autonómica --- dialekt --- dialect --- nadnářečí --- oblastní jazyk --- nářečí --- језик мањина --- малцинствен език --- lingwa minoritarja --- малцински јазик --- teanga mhionlaigh --- mažumos kalba --- μειονοτική γλώσσα --- mazākumtautības valoda --- minoritetsspråk --- kisebbségi nyelv --- lingua minoritaria --- limbaj minoritar --- gjuhë pakice --- lengua minoritaria --- língua minoritária --- manjšinski jezik --- Minderheitssprache --- vähemuskeel --- minderheidstaal --- vähemmistökieli --- minoritetssprog --- minority language --- menšinový jazyk --- język mniejszości --- manjinski jezik --- disappearing language --- język zagrożony wymarciem --- uhanalainen kieli --- lengua en peligro de desaparición --- hotat språk --- limbă în curs de dispariție --- veszélyeztetett nyelvek --- застрашен език --- lingwa li qiegħda tisparixxi --- limbă amenințată de dispariție --- langue menacée --- miznúci jazyk --- izzūdoša valoda --- kihalófélben lévő nyelvek --- ohrozený jazyk --- γλώσσα απειλούμενη με εξαφάνιση --- mizející jazyk --- teanga i mbaol --- langue en voie de disparition --- lingua in pericolo --- lingua in via di estinzione --- jezik manjine --- ogroženi jezik --- língua ameaçada de extinção --- izumirući jezik --- minoritní jazyk --- gefährdete Sprache --- vaarassa oleva kieli --- lingua a rischio di estinzione --- kalba, kuriai kyla grėsmė išnykti --- ohustatud keel --- lingwa mhedda --- kalba, kuriai gresia pavojus išnykti --- mionteanga --- langue en péril --- aussterbende Sprache --- sterk bedreigde taal --- língua em perigo de extinção --- изчезващ език --- bedreigde taal --- forsvindende sprog --- kihaló nyelvek --- заплашен от изчезване език --- langue en voie d'extinction --- apdraudēta valoda --- threatened language --- јазик на малцинство --- udryddelsestruet sprog --- izginjajoči jezik --- limbă în pericol de dispariție --- katoamisvaarassa oleva kieli --- ugroženi jezik --- truet sprog --- lingua a rischio --- endangered language --- απειλούμενη γλώσσα --- lingwa fil-periklu --- bedrohte Sprache --- γλώσσα υπό εξαφάνιση --- verdwijnende taal --- eltűnő nyelvek --- ohrožený jazyk --- jazyk národnostní menšiny --- zanikający język --- katoava kieli --- língua em vias de extinção --- nykstanti kalba --- Political aspects --- teanga réigiúnach --- Linguistic minorities - Legal status, laws, etc - France --- Linguistic minorities - Legal status, laws, etc - Spain --- Linguistic minorities - Legal status, laws, etc - Italy --- Language and languages - Law and legislation - France --- Language and languages - Law and legislation - Spain --- Language and languages - Law and legislation - Italy --- Minoritized languages --- Langue régionale --- Minorités linguistiques --- Politique linguistique --- Droits de l'homme --- Études comparatives --- Italie --- Espagne

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Language Law of the European Union gives a comprehensive account of all language regulations and arrangements which currently exist in EU law. First and foremost, it covers the various explicit and implicit language regimes of EU institutions, bodies and agencies, explaining how and why they came about. It also explores numerous other EU language provisions in the area of freedom, security and justice, relating to quite diverse topics such as road traffic offences, recognition of national court decisions, the European Arrest Warrant and crime victims. It also discusses EU linguistic provisions in the internal market regarding product labelling or the language proficiency assessment of professionals such as medical doctors or lawyers seeking to provide services in other EU Member States. Many other issues such as language testing for newcomers in society and language proficiency requirements for employment are investigated. This book highlights an often neglected, yet tremendously important aspect of EU integration: the language issue. Stefaan van der Jeught works as an official in the Directorate Communication of the European Court of Justice and is affiliated to the Centre for European Law of the Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB). In 2015, he earned a PhD at that University with a dissertation on “Conflicting Language Policies in the European Union and its Member States”.

Law --- Language policy --- Glottopolitics --- Institutional linguistics --- Language and languages --- Language and state --- Languages, National --- Languages, Official --- National languages --- Official languages --- State and language --- Communication policy --- Language planning --- Acts, Legislative --- Enactments, Legislative --- Laws (Statutes) --- Legislative acts --- Legislative enactments --- Jurisprudence --- Legislation --- Language. --- Government policy --- BPB1510 --- Langue officielle --- Union européenne --- 261 Europees Recht --- Europese Unie --- Europska unija --- União Europeia --- Ευρωπαϊκή Ένωση --- Európska únia --- Európai Unió --- Europäische Union --- Europos Sąjunga --- Evropská unie --- Европска унија --- Unjoni Ewropea --- Европейски съюз --- Europeiska unionen --- European Union --- Euroopan unioni --- Eiropas Savienība --- Unión Europea --- Evropska unija --- Unia Europejska --- Unione europea --- Uniunea Europeană --- Den Europæiske Union --- Европска Унија --- Euroopa Liit --- an tAontas Eorpach --- Bashkimi Europian --- Sąjungos institucija --- Sąjungos teisė --- právo Únie --- νόμος της Ένωσης --- Savienības tiesības --- wet van de Unie --- legge dell'Unione --- Europæisk Union --- unionslagstiftning --- atto dell'Unione --- AE --- loi de l'Union --- EU --- e drejta e Bashkimit --- ЕУ --- lege a Uniunii Europene --- Union law --- oficiālā valoda --- limbă oficială --- lingua ufficiale --- gjuhë zyrtare --- hivatalos nyelv --- službeni jezik --- официален език --- język państwowy --- lingwa uffiċjali --- ametlik keel --- oficiální jazyk --- официјален јазик --- úradný jazyk --- officiële taal --- uradni jezik --- oficialioji kalba --- officiellt språk --- official language --- lengua oficial --- Amtssprache --- службени језик --- língua oficial --- virallinen kieli --- επίσημη γλώσσα --- officielt sprog --- arbetsspråk --- lingua di lavoro --- työkieli --- munkanyelv --- jednací jazyk --- darbo kalba --- службен јазик --- limbă curentă --- lengua cooficial --- língua de trabalho --- pracovný jazyk --- langue de travail --- lengua vehicular --- úřední jazyk --- jazyk jednání --- werktaal --- lengua de comunicación --- pracovní jazyk --- работен јазик --- valstybinė kalba --- radni jezik --- voertaal --- idioma oficial --- arbejdssprog --- working language --- γλώσσα εργασίας --- lengua franca --- töökeel --- gjuhë e punës --- darba valoda --- lengua de trabajo --- teanga oifigiúil --- European Union countries --- Languages --- Law and legislation. --- EU countries --- Euroland --- Europe --- Union européenne

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Présentation des fondements scientifiques des tâches les plus courantes en recherche d'information. Ces actions sont liées au data mining, au décisionnel et à l'exploitation du big data. L'ouvrage présente les algorithmes classiques, les concepts d'indexation, de compression, de classification et de catégorisation. Des exercices sont proposés à chaque fin de chapitre. Depuis quelques années, de nouveaux modèles et algorithmes sont mis au point pour traiter des données de plus en plus volumineuses et diverses. Cet ouvrage présente les fondements scientifiques des tâches les plus répandues en recherche d'information (RI), tâches également liées au data mining, au décisionnel et plus généralement à l'exploitation de big data. Il propose un exposé cohérent des algorithmes classiques développés dans ce domaine, abordable à des lecteurs qui cherchent à connaître le mécanisme des outils quotidiens d'Internet. Le lecteur approfondira les concepts d'indexation, de compression, de recherche sur le Web, de classification et de catégorisation, et pourra prolonger cette étude avec les exercices corrigés proposés en fin de chapitre.

Information retrieval --- Algorithms --- Data mining --- Recherche de l'information --- Algorithmes --- Exploration de données (Informatique) --- AA / International- internationaal --- P01 - Droit de l'informatique - Informaticarecht --- Recherche documentaire --- Langage de programmation --- BPB1309 --- Documentenonderzoek --- Programmeertaal --- Exploration de données (Informatique) --- programavimo kalba --- език за програмиране --- gjuhë e programimit --- limbaj de programare --- programmeringsspråk --- linguaggio di programmazione --- programmeertaal --- programnyelv --- programmēšanas valoda --- γλώσσα προγραμματισμού --- programming language --- linguagem de programação --- język programowania --- programmeerimiskeel --- програмски јазик --- lenguaje de programación --- programovací jazyk --- lingwa tal-ipprogrammar --- Programmiersprache --- programmeringssprog --- програмски језик --- ohjelmointikieli --- programski jezik --- limbaj avansat --- számítógépes nyelv --- γλώσσα μηχανής --- hoch entwickelte Programmiersprache --- tietokonekieli --- Maschinensprache --- machine language --- kompiuterio kalba --- arvutikeel --- künstliche Sprache --- linguaggio macchina --- limbaj mașină --- langage assembleur --- assemblerspråk --- gépi nyelv --- strojni jezik --- машински јазик --- maskinspråk --- počítačový jazyk --- kompjutorski jezik --- linguagem-máquina --- dotazovací jazyk --- računalni jezik --- hogere programmeertaal --- машински код --- konekieli --- udviklet sprog --- ανώτερη γλώσσα --- gjuhë makinerie --- mašininė kalba --- machinetaal --- lenguaje máquina --- computer language --- mašīnvaloda --- lenguaje de alto nivel --- linguagem evoluída --- gjuhë kompjuterike --- Assemblersprache --- strojový jazyk --- datorvaloda --- högnivåspråk --- langage évolué --- компјутерски јазик --- strojový kód --- linguaggio evoluto --- assembler --- maskinsprog --- masinakeel --- vyhledávání dokumentů --- dokumentarisk søgning --- пребарување документи --- iskanje dokumentov --- dokumentu izguve --- dokumentarische Recherche --- documentenonderzoek --- cercetare documentară --- document retrieval --- tiftix tad-dokumenti --- aineiston haku --- dokumentsökning --- wyszukiwanie dokumentów --- dokumentumok visszakeresése --- dokumentų paieška --- тражење докумената --- pretraživanje dokumenta --- búsqueda documental --- pesquisa documental --- dokumendiotsing --- tërheqje e dokumentit --- ricerca documentaria --- τεκμηριωτική έρευνα --- документално изследване --- vyhľadávanie dokumentov --- истражување документи --- documenten-onderzoek --- Wiederauffinden von Dokumenten --- investigación documental --- bibliográfiai kutatás --- Informationsretrieval --- библиографско истражување --- pronalaženje dokumenta --- teanga ríomhchlárúcháin --- aisghabháil doiciméad

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This book provides a detailed introduction and guide to researching translator and interpreter education. Providing an overview of the main research topics, trends and methods, the book covers the following six areas: training effectiveness, learning and teaching practices, assessment, translation and interpreting processes, translated and interpreted texts, and professionals’ experiences and roles. The book focuses on explaining the issues and topics researched in each area, and showing how they have been researched. As the first book to provide a comprehensive overview of translator and interpreter education research, it has important implications to developing its areas at the theoretical and practical levels. In addition, it offers an invaluable guide for those interested in researching translator and interpreter education areas, and in educating translators and interpreters.

Applied linguistics. --- Language and education. --- Applied Linguistics. --- Language Education. --- Educational linguistics --- Education --- Language and languages --- Linguistics --- Translating and interpreting --- Study and teaching. --- Research. --- Interpretation and translation --- Interpreting and translating --- Literature --- Translation and interpretation --- Translators --- Translating --- Interprétation --- Interprètes --- Langage --- interpretation --- language --- literature --- litríocht --- književnost --- literatura --- szépirodalom --- kirjallisuus --- letteratura --- letërsi --- λογοτεχνία --- littérature --- Literatur --- књижевност --- literatúra --- kirjandus --- литература --- literatūra --- litteratur --- literatură --- literatuur --- proza --- runo --- roman --- romaan --- poema --- krásná literatura --- ordsprog --- lirika --- romaani --- drámaírás --- költészet --- poemë --- drama --- slovesnost --- novel --- poezija --- prózaírás --- písemnictví --- poezie --- literární dílo --- novelë --- поезија --- luuletus --- beletrie --- romanas --- proverbio --- роман --- báseň --- dramaturģija --- román --- eilėraštis --- драма --- novela --- poem --- próza --- kalba --- teanga --- limbaj --- lenguaje --- език --- język --- kieli --- linguaggio --- keel --- linguagem --- јазик --- taal --- lingwa --- gjuhë --- jezik --- γλώσσα --- nyelv --- jazyk --- språk --- langage --- valoda --- sprog --- Sprache --- језик --- lingua --- interpretação --- tłumaczenie symultaniczne --- përkthim me gojë --- interprétation --- толкување --- тумачење --- interpretazione --- превеждане --- tolken --- suuline tõlge --- vertimas žodžiu --- tumačenje --- tolkning --- tlmočenie --- sinhronā tulkošana --- tulkkaus --- interpretazzjoni --- interpretación --- interpretare --- tolmácsolás --- tlumočení --- διερμηνεία --- ateangaireacht --- Dolmetschen --- tolmačenje --- simultano prevođenje --- usmeno prevođenje --- sinhronā tulkošana mutvārdos --- szinkrontolmácsolás --- interpretazione consecutiva --- консекутивно толкување --- interpretazione simultanea --- tlumočník --- relétolmácsolás --- ústní převod --- simultánne tlmočenie --- симултано толкување --- konsekutiva --- konsekutivtolkning --- sünkroontõlge --- interpretação consecutiva --- simultánní tlumočení --- përkthim simultan --- simultaan tolken --- konsekutivní tlumočení --- simultaanitulkkaus --- kabinové tlumočení --- konferencijsko prevođenje --- konszekutív tolmácsolás --- interprétation simultanée --- konferenciatolmácsolás --- interpretare simultană --- Simultandolmetschen --- konsekutiv tolkning --- konferenční tlumočení --- interpretación simultánea --- simultaneous interpreting --- interpretação simultânea --- soudní tlumočení --- ταυτόχρονη διερμηνεία --- szimultán tolmácsolás --- simultantolkning --- követő tolmácsolás --- sinchroninis vertimas --- Translation science