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In an ideal world, primary education would be universal and publicly financed, and all children would be able to attend school regardless of their parents’ ability or willingness to pay. In many poor countries, however, governments lack either the financial resources or the political will to provide each child with a basic education, despite the benefits that would accrue not only to individuals but to society as a whole. In some of these countries, parents cover part or all of the cost of their children’s education. This paper explores the pros and cons of user payments.
Macroeconomics --- Education: General --- Personal Income, Wealth, and Their Distributions --- Education --- Personal income --- Income --- Chad
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Prize or Penalty: When Sports Help Economies Score" looks at why countries vie to host the world's most costly sporting events. And, in a series of articles on "After the Crisis," we discuss why some countries were hit harder than others; how were shocks transmitted round the world, and whether protectionist pressures might intensify in 2010. As usual, we take on a number of hot topics, including housing prices, bankers' bonuses, Ponzi schemes, and inflation targeting. In "Picture This" we see that the number of hungry is on the rise, topping 1 billion. Our regular "People in Economics" column profiles Daron Acemoglu, the Turkish-born intellectual who won the American Economic Association's award in 2005 for the most influential U.S. economist under the age of 40. "Back to Basics" explains inflation; and "Data Spotlight" looks at how dollarization is declining in Latin America. Also includes articles by Nick Stern on climate change and Simon Johnson on bonuses and the "doomsday cycle.
Economics. --- Macroeconomics. --- Microeconomics. --- Exports and Imports --- Inflation --- Macroeconomics --- Money and Monetary Policy --- Real Estate --- Price Level --- Deflation --- Housing Supply and Markets --- Banks --- Depository Institutions --- Micro Finance Institutions --- Mortgages --- Financial Crises --- Trade Policy --- International Trade Organizations --- Monetary economics --- Property & real estate --- International economics --- Banking --- Housing prices --- Financial crises --- Inflation targeting --- High frequency trading --- Prices --- Housing --- Monetary policy --- Banks and banking --- United States
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The IMF’s World Economic Outlook is packed with country specific facts, figures, and worldwide projections that present the outlook for growth, inflation, trade, and other economic developments in a clear, practical format. Leading international economists pull together the latest data on key topics, producing informed projections and policy analyses that show where the global economy is headed in the years to come. Business executives, policymakers, bankers, investors, marketing strategists, and economists worldwide refer to the WEO with confidence because it delivers a balanced view of the current economic situation, built upon the respected and extensive macroeconomic expertise and statistical resources of the IMF. The WEO is the product of a unique international exercise in information gathering and analysis performed by over 1,000 economists on the IMF staff. An annual subscription to the World Economic Outlook, published at least twice a year in English, French, Spanish, and Arabic, offers a comprehensive assessment of the international economic situation as well as prospects for the future. With its analyses backed by the expertise and unparalleled resources of the IMF, the World Economic Outlook is the authoritative reference in its field. Today, when even small economic fluctuations can trigger major financial swings, the WEO supplies a solid source of actionable information and data.
Exports and Imports --- Finance: General --- Inflation --- Macroeconomics --- Production and Operations Management --- General Financial Markets: General (includes Measurement and Data) --- Macroeconomics: Production --- Price Level --- Deflation --- Commodity Markets --- Trade: General --- International economics --- Finance --- Investment & securities --- Corporate governance --- role & responsibilities of boards & directors --- Emerging and frontier financial markets --- Productivity --- Commodity prices --- Total factor productivity --- Prices --- Financial services industry --- Industrial productivity --- Balance of payments --- Exports --- United States
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The recovery from the Great Recession is proceeding broadly as expected, but most advanced economies and a few emerging economies still face large adjustments, are recovering only sluggishly, and have continued high unemployment. By contrast, many emerging and developing economies are again seeing strong growth. A sustained, healthy global recovery rests on two rebalancing acts: internal rebalancing, with a strengthening of private demand in advanced economies, allowing for fiscal consolidation; and external rebalancing, with an increase in net exports in deficit countries and a decrease in net exports in surplus countries, notably emerging Asia. This edition of the World Economic Outlook examines the interactions between these two rebalancing acts and explores the policies required to support them. One of the two analytical chapters examines the effects on output and employment of fiscal consolidation in advanced economies using detailed budget data, and the other examines the collapse and recovery of trade in economies that have experienced crises.
Banks and Banking --- Exports and Imports --- Inflation --- Macroeconomics --- Production and Operations Management --- Fiscal Policy --- Trade: General --- Price Level --- Deflation --- Macroeconomics: Production --- Financial Crises --- International economics --- Economic & financial crises & disasters --- Property & real estate --- Finance --- Fiscal consolidation --- Imports --- Potential output --- Commodity prices --- Fiscal policy --- Prices --- Production --- Economic theory --- Financial crises --- United States
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The consumer price index (CPI) measures the rate at which the prices of consumer goods and services are changing over time. It is a key statistic for economic and social policymaking and has substantial and wide-ranging implications for governments, businesses, and households. This important and comprehensive Manual provides guidelines for statistical offices and other agencies responsible for constructing CPIs, and explains in-depth the methods that are used to calculate a CPI. It also examines the underlying economic and statistical concepts and principles needed for making choices in efficient and cost-effective ways, and for appreciating the full implications of those choices.
Investments: Commodities --- Infrastructure --- Investments: General --- Macroeconomics --- Public Finance --- Price Level --- Inflation --- Deflation --- Commodity Markets --- Macroeconomics: Consumption --- Saving --- Wealth --- National Government Expenditures and Related Policies: General --- Methodology for Collecting, Estimating, and Organizing Macroeconomic Data --- Data Access --- Public finance & taxation --- Investment & securities --- Finance --- Insurance & actuarial studies --- Price indexes --- Consumer price indexes --- Consumption --- Expenditure --- Commodities --- Economics --- Saving and investment --- Expenditures, Public --- Prices --- United States
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Saudi Arabia: Tackling Emerging Economic Challenges to Sustain Strong Growth.
Investments: Energy --- Macroeconomics --- Public Finance --- Industries: Energy --- Energy: General --- Energy: Demand and Supply --- Prices --- National Government Expenditures and Related Policies: General --- Fiscal Policy --- Macroeconomics: Production --- Investment & securities --- Public finance & taxation --- Petroleum, oil & gas industries --- Oil --- Oil prices --- Expenditure --- Fiscal policy --- Oil production --- Petroleum industry and trade --- Expenditures, Public --- Saudi Arabia
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This issue discusses a number of factors affecting global growth, as well as growth prospects across the world’s main countries and regions. It assesses the ongoing recovery from the global financial crisis in advanced and emerging market economies and evaluates risks, both upside and downside, including those associated with commodity prices, currency fluctuations, and financial market volatility. A special feature examines in detail causes and implications of the recent commodity price downturn; analytical chapters look at the effects of commodity windfalls on potential output and of exchange rate movements on trade.
Investments: Commodities --- Exports and Imports --- Finance: General --- Foreign Exchange --- Macroeconomics --- Commodity Markets --- General Financial Markets: General (includes Measurement and Data) --- Macroeconomics: Production --- General Aggregative Models: General --- Finance --- Investment & securities --- Currency --- Foreign exchange --- International economics --- Commodity prices --- Emerging and frontier financial markets --- Exchange rates --- Commodities --- National accounts --- Prices --- Financial services industry --- Commercial products --- Exports --- United States
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For the latest thinking about the international financial system, monetary policy, economic development, poverty reduction, and other critical issues, subscribe to Finance & Development (F&D). This lively quarterly magazine brings you in-depth analyses of these and other subjects by the IMF’s own staff as well as by prominent international experts. Articles are written for lay readers who want to enrich their understanding of the workings of the global economy and the policies and activities of the IMF.
International economic relations. --- International finance -- Periodicals. --- International Monetary Fund. --- Exports and Imports --- Macroeconomics --- Public Finance --- Production and Operations Management --- Natural Resources --- Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics --- Environmental and Ecological Economics: General --- Macroeconomics: Production --- National Government Expenditures and Related Policies: Infrastructures --- Other Public Investment and Capital Stock --- Remittances --- Banks --- Depository Institutions --- Micro Finance Institutions --- Mortgages --- Environmental management --- Public finance & taxation --- International economics --- Investment & securities --- Natural resources --- Output gap --- Public investment spending --- Banking --- Production --- Economic theory --- Public investments --- International finance --- Industrial productivity --- United States
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For the latest thinking about the international financial system, monetary policy, economic development, poverty reduction, and other critical issues, subscribe to Finance & Development (F&D). This lively quarterly magazine brings you in-depth analyses of these and other subjects by the IMF’s own staff as well as by prominent international experts. Articles are written for lay readers who want to enrich their understanding of the workings of the global economy and the policies and activities of the IMF.
Developing countries -- Finance -- Periodicals. --- Economic assistance -- Periodicals. --- International finance -- Periodicals. --- International finance. --- Investments: Energy --- Labor --- Macroeconomics --- Industries: Energy --- Energy: General --- Employment --- Unemployment --- Wages --- Intergenerational Income Distribution --- Aggregate Human Capital --- Aggregate Labor Productivity --- Education: General --- Fiscal Policy --- Macroeconomics: Production --- Labour --- income economics --- Investment & securities --- Petroleum, oil & gas industries --- Civil service & public sector --- Oil --- Education --- Civil service --- Oil production --- Natural gas sector --- Petroleum industry and trade --- Fiscal policy --- Financial services industry --- United States
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Global growth remains moderate and uneven, and a number of complex forces are shaping the outlook. These include medium- and long-term trends, global shocks, and many country- or region-specific factors. The April 2015 WEO examines the causes and implications of recent trends, including lower oil prices, which are providing a boost to growth globally and in many oil-importing countries but are weighing on activity in oil-exporting countries, and substantial changes in exchange rates for major currencies, reflecting variations in country growth rates and in exchange rate policies and the lower price of oil. Additionally, analytical chapters explore the growth rate of potential output across advanced and emerging market economies, assessing its recent track and likely future course; and the performance of private fixed investment in advanced economies, which has featured prominently in the public policy debate in recent years, focusing on the role of overall economic weakness in accounting for this performance.
Investments: Energy --- Finance: General --- Investments: General --- Macroeconomics --- Production and Operations Management --- Energy: Demand and Supply --- Prices --- General Financial Markets: General (includes Measurement and Data) --- Price Level --- Inflation --- Deflation --- Macroeconomics: Production --- Investment --- Capital --- Intangible Capital --- Capacity --- Finance --- Investment & securities --- International economics --- Economic & financial crises & disasters --- Oil prices --- Emerging and frontier financial markets --- Private investment --- Total factor productivity --- Oil --- Industrial productivity --- Financial services industry --- Saving and investment --- Petroleum industry and trade --- United States
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