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The 2020 Bulgarian Organised Crime Threat Assessment is the third in a series of studies which, on an annual basis, canvasses the state, volume and structure of the major criminal markets. The report also captures the trends related to organised crime over the period 2017-2019. The present assessment relies on data for 2019 covering fourteen criminal markets which can be grouped under three basic headings: Traditional organised criminal markets - human trafficking and the market for sexual services, human smuggling, automobile theft, extortion racketeering and usury. Excise duty and VAT crimes - illegal trade in tobacco products and in fuels, as well as VAT fraud. Emerging criminal markets - EU funds fraud, illegal trade in pharmaceuticals, cybercrime, electronic payment systems fraud, telephone fraud and illegal logging. The study reviews the key trends in recent years as well as the structure of each criminal market, and describes the major schemes used by organised criminal groups. Researchers have attempted to gauge the damages that organised criminal groups inflict to individual victims and to society as a whole, as well as to calculate the volume of criminal revenues. Based on data and expert opinion analysis, the report outlines the possible developments of the criminal market and the relevant responses to them, and lists a number of recommendations designed to minimise the damages from organised criminal activity.

Organized crime. --- Transnational crime.

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Анализът допълва поредицата публикации на Центъра за изследване на демокрацията през последното десетилетие, посветени на различни аспекти на организираната престъпност в страната контрабанда, разпространение на наркотици, данъчни измами, трафик на хора, трафик на оръжие и др., както и на свързаната с нея системна корупция. Представени са не само най-актуалните тенденции и форми на проявление (респективно "пазарни ниши") на този особено опасен вид престъпност, но е направен и опит да се обобщят и преосмислят натрупаните досега факти и експертиза, за да се даде отговор на по-общия въпрос за корените, спецификата и закономерностите в еволюцията на "подземния свят" в контекста на българския преход.

Organized crime.

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Проникването на организираната престъпност в сектора за сигурност в страните в преход е една от най-мрачните страници от ненаписаната история за цената на трансформирането на държавата и обществото след краха на комунистическото управление. През последните 15 години нарастващото влияние на организираната престъпност беше почуствано както в Източна Европа, така и в страните от Европейския съюз. Този процес бе улеснен от все по-свободното движение на хора, стоки и капитали в цяла Европа. Анализът е принос към осъзнаването на сериозността на рисковете от корупционна симбиоза в сектора за сигурност в България и Западните Балкани и наложителността от предприемане на мерки за нейното предотвратяване и неутрализиране.

Organized crime.

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Изнудването и рекета са емблематични дейности за организираната престъпност. Въпреки факта, че през последните години тези престъпления не намират място сред основните заплахи от организирана престъпност разглеждани в стратегическите документи на ЕС, те все още остават важен проблем за редица европейски страни. Сериозността на явлението е нееднозначно припозната на европейско ниво и този вид престъпление е вписано в редица правни актове на ЕС в областта на полицейското и съдебното сътрудничество по наказателноправни въпроси. Докладът Изнудването и рекета в ЕС: фактори за уязвимост анализира формите и практиките на изнудване в шест страни членки на ЕС. Анализът се фокусира върху риска и факторите на уязвимост за икономическите субекти в два отрасъла - селско стопанство и хотелиерството, както и върху риска и факторите на уязвимост сред китайските общности. Въз основа на резултатите от анализа, докладът предлага мерки за справяне с изнудването и рекета в ЕС.

Organized crime.

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This is the second updated edition under the same title, published by the Center for the Study of Democracy of its Reports/ Analyses series to be distributed among participants in Regional Coordination Meeting of Subtable "Justice and Home Affairs" of Stability Pact Working Table III, held in Sofia on October 3rd, 2000. This latest analytical report is the outcome of the efforts of non-government organizations and state institutions, and of independent experts and journalists as well within the framework of the Coalition 2000 process. Launched in 1997, Coalition 2000 strives to support the restriction and curbing of corrupt practices in Bulgarian society, including regular monitoring of public perceptions and attitudes towards corruption. The illicit trafficking growth, as one of the most important sources of local "gray economy" throughout the 90ies, was caused by a number of international and internal factors, the most crucial of which being the weakening of the post-communist state and the spread of corruption practices among state officials. The threat on society posed by the interlacing of the interests both of crossborder crime perpetrators and the associated corrupt public officials (customs officials being the most alarming example according to public opinion), became a serious public concern. This initiated the necessity to analyze the phenomenon and to identify adequate monitoring and counteraction measures, moreover this type of crime finds further confirmation in experts' estimate that a large portion of the local gray economy is related to smuggling of goods and the proceeds of the respective unlawful activities. The report examines the processes of illegal trafficking and the related corruption in Bulgaria, identifying their typical manifestations and the practical assessment, prevention and control strategies and methodologies in three sections as follows: • an analysis of crossborder crime in Bulgaria during the 90ies; • a review of the sociological and statistical methods of measuring illicit trafficking; • Practically oriented proposals with the aim of curbing corruption and trafficking. The first section emphasizes on the combined impact of trafficking and corruption in the context of current criminological environment in this country and the increasing crossborder nature of crime. The problem has been deliberately set in the national context, seemingly isolated from global crime. The second section of the paper (Monitoring the illegal trafficking) proposes two relevant methods of measuring the contraband merchandises imported in the country and the sample survey methods for assessing of smuggling. One of them, the "mirror statistics" method, compares overseas and local official data regarding the export/import of this country. It is applied to assess the scope of the gray economy as a whole, and to locate the main "contraband markets" in Bulgaria. In addition, an original mechanism is developed, which combines monitoring through sample interviews, with exerting control over contraband goods. This mechanism is oriented towards future cooperation between local NGOs and public authorities (customs and police). The third section of the paper consists of proposed measures to be undertaken to curb illegal trafficking and corruption in this country. It is coined after the Coalition 2000 Anti-Corruption Action Plan and outlines the synergy of public sector reform and civil society anti-corruption initiatives. It also stresses on the importance of enhancing international cooperation in the framework of Bulgaria's EU accession. Statistical data provided by the Customs Agency have been used in this second updated edition of the paper. A number of recommendations by the Agency's experts have also been taken in consideration.

Smuggling --- Transnational crime --- Prevention.