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This book deals with the archeology of ancient landscapes in the Egyptian and Mediterranean regions. Geoarchaeological methodologies have emerged as a major component in any archaeological approaches to better understanding both the dynamics of the establishment of ancient environments and the variety of settlement patterns adopted by human societies. Thirteen contributions are grouped into four parts entitled “Geoarchaeology and reconstitution of the ancient landscape”; “Geographic Information Systems (GIS)”; “Historical Geography”; and “Geoarchaeology Case Studies”. The examples highlighted in this book address the following themes: rural site formation; water management strategies; paleo-environment reconstruction; land occupation; and settlement location. The authors give an overview of the complex relationships between landscape dynamics and the logics of human occupation through the results of recent studies carried out in Egypt, Tunisia, Morocco, Greece and Portugal.

Landscape archaeology --- Excavations (Archaeology) --- Environmental archaeology

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Excavations (Archaeology) --- Fouilles (Archéologie) --- Congresses. --- Congrès --- Egypt --- Egypte --- Antiquities --- History --- Antiquités --- Histoire --- Fouilles archéologiques --- Antiquités égyptiennes --- Égypte --- Civilisation --- Academic collection --- Conferences - Meetings --- Fouilles (Archéologie) --- Congrès --- Antiquités --- Civilization --- To 332 B.C. --- Congresses --- Antiquities [Prehistoric ] --- Old Kingdom, ca.2686-ca.2181 B.C. --- Égypte

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The apotropaic deity Bes played an important role within the ancient Egyptian musical sphere starting from the 18th dynasty onwards. This is quite clearly reflected in the archaeological record nowadays; Bes is depicted with and/or on several different musical instruments, and on different kinds of media (e.g. wall reliefs, figurines, amulets, wooden furniture, tattoos, etc.). In this thesis an introductory chapter about Bes and ancient Egyptian music is firstly laid out, before the two components are put together and discussed. Bes is an ancient Egyptian deity who is sporadically attested in the Old and Middle Kingdoms but gains a lot of popularity and develops most of his features starting from the New Kingdom onwards. The god’s main features are round lion-like ears and tail, a high plumed headdress, a beard and/or a lion’s mane, big eyes and nose, grimacing countenance, protruding tongue, achondroplastic limbs and a pot belly. It is said that this god was an apotropaic deity; he protected all kinds of people who were in need of protection. However, he mainly protected both pregnant women and children. His stamp on the ancient Egyptian musical sphere starts around the reign of Thutmose II and becomes really entrenched within the society starting from the reign of Amenhotep III, who managed to set a higher standard for art and architecture. During this time period Bes is mostly depicted with a round tambourine in his hands, but as time passes, the god is able to hold and/or play more and more other kinds of instruments; the god is depicted playing instruments from the aerophone- (wind instruments), the chordophone- (string instruments) and membranophone- (drum-like percussion instruments) groups. The aerophone group comprises all kinds of flute instruments (e.g. double flute, shawm and the pan-flute). The harp, lute and lyre are all chordophone instruments, and the membranophone group encompasses instruments like the barrel-shaped drum, the rectangular- and round tambourine. Interestingly enough though, Bes is seldom portrayed playing instruments form the idiophones (non-drum-like percussion instruments), which encompass instruments like sistra, bells, clappers and cymbals. Notwithstanding, the god is often depicted on these types of instruments (e.g. sistra and bells). By looking at the extensive extant archaeological material of the god Bes, it quickly becomes apparent that this deity played an important rol within the ancient Egyptian society on all kinds of levels; from apotropaic powers to musical talent.

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This volume presents the results of the latest research and discoveries in the field, which are leading to a better understanding of the origins of the Ancient Egyptian civilization. The 39 articles are organised under five major headings: settlements and domestic activities, mortuary archaeology, technology: pottery and lithic production, iconography and writing, and rock art. They provide new insights into the variety of factors contributing to the rise of the distinct form of the early Egyptian state. Recent discoveries from major sites such as Hierakonpolis, Abydos, and Buto, are the subject of different articles, but also other sites, such as Abu Rawash and the Naqada region, are discussed.

Excavations (Archaeology) --- Antiquities, Prehistoric --- Prehistoric antiquities --- Prehistoric archaeology --- Prehistory --- Archaeological digs --- Archaeological excavations --- Digs (Archaeology) --- Excavation sites (Archaeology) --- Ruins --- Sites, Excavation (Archaeology) --- Egypt --- History --- Antiquities --- Antiquities. --- Antiquities, Prehistoric. --- To 332 B.C. --- Egypt. --- Congresses. --- Egypte --- Ägypten --- Egitto --- Egipet --- Egiptos --- Miṣr --- Southern Region (United Arab Republic) --- Egyptian Region (United Arab Republic) --- Iqlīm al-Janūbī (United Arab Republic) --- Egyptian Territory (United Arab Republic) --- Egipat --- Arab Republic of Egypt --- A.R.E. --- ARE (Arab Republic of Egypt) --- Jumhūrīyat Miṣr al-ʻArabīyah --- Mitsrayim --- Egipt --- Ijiptʻŭ --- Misri --- Ancient Egypt --- Gouvernement royal égyptien --- Prehistoric peoples --- Archaeology --- Égypte --- جمهورية مصر العربية --- مِصر‎ --- مَصر‎ --- Maṣr --- Khēmi --- エジプト --- Ejiputo --- Egypti --- Egypten --- מצרים --- United Arab Republic --- Academic collection --- Conferences - Meetings