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Alcoholics --- Alcoholism --- Rehabilitation --- Relapse

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Cancer --- Cancer --- Cancer --- Relapse --- Reporting

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This paper studies long-term impacts of violent conflict, to provide insights into the costs of conflict and policies to prevent conflict relapse. The findings link evidence on the contemporaneous effects of conflict with its persistent impact, especially by combining multiple data sources such as night lights, indicators of political exclusion, and nutrition. There is a strong level effect on output arising from the intensity of conflict, which, contrary to perceptions of post-conflict booms, on average is not reversed by subsequent more rapid growth. The paper investigates two possible channels that make conflict persistent: refugee flows and investment. Both channels display wide variation across recovery episodes, and are capable of large surges, which can in some cases generate rapid recoveries. Where recoveries lack buoyancy-which is the case for many post-conflict episodes-deeper political constraints appear to be at work, which may ultimately relate to the effectiveness of power sharing. Finally, to highlight the need for more effective policies and knowledge in this area, the paper shows that the human development costs of conflict are huge, and can persist through a full generation. Policy recommendations and pointers for future research form the conclusion.

Conflict Relapse --- Investment --- Refugees --- Violent Conflict

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A common feature of many psychopathological states (going from anxiety, depression to schizophrenia or addictions) is to show cognitive alterations. These cognitive deficits clearly impact on the onset of clinical symptoms. Therefore, recent studies showed that increasing cognitive skills have a positive effect on patients' quality of life, and decrease the severity of clinical symptoms. However, a main problem consists in the fact that some minor cognitive restrictions, even if not observable at the behavioral level, may induce a state of "vulnerability" that can, in some circumstances, lead the patients to relapse. For instance, in alcohol dependence, it is well-known that, despite detoxification cure, psychological intervention and medication, 50 to 90% of patients resume in alcohol consumption within 1 year post-detoxification cure. In this view, it could be really important to find biological markers for even minor cognitive alterations, that can help clinicians to identify which patients are more "at-risk" to relapse, in order to improve treatment through best suited medication and specialized programs of cognitive rehabilitation. In this topic, our aim is to illustrate how and why cognitive event-related potentials (ERPs) may help in different psychopathological populations to adapt the treatment of individual patients on the basis of their specific neuro-cognitive alterations.

Cognitive Processes --- relapse --- biomarkers --- Event-related potentials --- Psychopathology --- Cognitive Processes --- relapse --- biomarkers --- Event-related potentials --- Psychopathology

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Describes the evidence-based approaches to preventing relapse of major mental and substance-related disorders. Therapist's Guide to Evidence-based Relapse Prevention combines the theoretical rationale, empirical data, and the practical ""how-to"" for intervention programs.The first section will serve to describe the cognitive-behavioral model of relapse and provide a general introduction to relapse prevention techniques. While Section II will focus on specific problem areas, Section III will focus on diverse populations and treatment settings.*Incorporates theoretical

Human medicine --- Mental illness --- Substance abuse --- Relapse --- Prevention. --- Treatment.