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Early Mamluk Diplomacy is based on treaties between the Mamluk sultans of Egypt, Baybars (1260-77) and Qalāwūn (1279-90), and Christian rulers. The General Introduction describes the Arabic literary sources in which these treaties have been transmitted. Their status under Islamic law is examined, followed by a description of negotiation procedures, and an account of diplomatic relations with the Christian powers. Three treaties are with the military orders, four with Beirut, Tripoli, the Latin kingdom and Tyre, and four others with Lesser Armenia, Aragon, the Byzantine Empire and Genoa. Each section has an introduction giving its historical background. The work offers Islamic historians and European medievalists documentary evidence of a kind rare in pre-modern Middle Eastern history, casting light on commercial and social as well as diplomatic relations.

Diplomatic relations --- Pays arabes --- Relations

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RUSHDIE (SALMAN), 1947 --- -LIBERTE D'EXPRESSION --- PAYS ARABES --- RUSHDIE (SALMAN), 1947 --- -LIBERTE D'EXPRESSION --- PAYS ARABES

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Arabes --- Photographies --- Photography --- Photography, Artistic. --- Arab countries --- Pays arabes

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Cinema in the Arab world has been the subject of varied and rigorous studies, but most have focused on films as text, providing in-depth analyses of plot, style, ideologies, or examination of the biographies of prominent directors or actors.This innovative new volume shifts the focus on Arab cinema off-screen, to examine the histories, politics, and conditions of distribution, exhibition, and cinema-going in the Arab world. Through broadening the frame of study beyond the screen, the book widens understanding of the cinema, not merely as a collection of films-as-texts, but as a site of cultural and political contestation in the Arab world.Divided into two sections, and guided by interdisciplinary considerations, the contributors examine historical and contemporary issues of Arab cinema in terms of the experience of movie-going and filmmaking. They examine the networks of distribution and exhibition, as well as the contested and multiple meanings that the cinema embodied through diverse historical periods and geographical locations. Part I focuses on new histories of Arab cinema in terms of film production, distribution, exhibition and audience's experiences of cinema-going. Part II deals with more recent issues within scholarship on Arab cinema such as issues of politics, economics, ideologies, as well as issues related to Arab movies' international circulation and screenings at festivals. Together, the chapters enrich our understanding of the cinema in the Arab world, showing how deeply embedded it is within its social, political, and economic contexts.

Motion picture industry --- Motion picture theaters --- Motion pictures --- History. --- History and criticism. --- Industrie du cinéma -- Pays arabes --- Cinémas -- Pays arabes --- Industrie du cinéma --- Cinémas

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Israël. Buitenlandse mening (Arabische). --- Relations judéo-arabes. --- Israël. Opinion étrangère. Pays arabes. --- Joods-Arabische betrekkingen.