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Scholars --- Social history --- Ulama

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Thèse (de doctorat) -- Lettres -- Université de Leyde, 1978

Ulama (jeu) --- Mexique --- Ulama (jeu) --- Mexique --- Epoque précolombienne

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In the Arabic literary tradition, biographies form a class of their own and have always been widely used. Whether about a single person or about some group, their shared objective was to provide an authoritative account of someone's lineage, social or literary career, academic or religious background or affiliation, or connection to some historic event. As examples one could mention Ibn Hishām's (d. 218/834) Sīrat Muḥammad rasūli ʼllāh , Ibn Abī Uṣaybiʿa's (d. 668/1270) Kitāb ʿuyūn al-anbāʾ fī ṭabaqāt al-aṭibbāʾ , or Nūr al-Dīn al-Ṭūkhī's (d. ca 900/1494) Quḍāt Miṣr . The author of the present work, Najm al-Dīn al-Nasafī (d. 537/1142-43), was a long-time resident of Samarqand and widely known and respected as jurist. He wrote more than 30 works, in Persian and in Arabic. The present volume contains an inventory of ḥadīth scholars bearing some connection to Samarqand. Its importance lies mainly in the many names of people, places, and books which are otherwise entirely unknown.

Muslim scholars --- Ulama --- Islam --- History

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"Through the prism of Richard Lachmann's 'elite conflict theory of historical contingency,' this book brings a new perspective and a fresh interpretation to the study of the attitudes of the Ottoman central ulema toward the pre-Tanzimat Westernizing reforms. Contrary to the prevailing view of intra-elite vertical dichotomy conflict as the primary basis for ulema reactions, this research proposes inter-elite horizontal conflict as the root cause for the failure of the reform initiatives. Moreover, this study challenges the commonly-held belief that the goal of centralization of the revenues of religious endowments by the ruling authority was to silence ulema opposition to the Westernizing reforms. Instead, through a detailed examination of the evolution of early European taxation models and fiscal centralization trajectories, this research concludes that the Mahmudian centralization of awqaf should be seen, rather, as an emulation of the wider eco-geographic trend in response to the historical challenges faced by European states and the Ottoman Empire. By problematizing the prevailing nomenclature of Ottoman historiography, this research clarifies the longstanding misconceptions attached to the term 'ulema.' Finally, through a comprehensive survey of waqf-elite relations, this study will advance the understanding of the dynamics of the pre-Tanzimat Ottoman Empire."--Back cover.

Elite (Social sciences) --- Secularization. --- Ulama --- Ulama. --- Waqf --- Waqf. --- Attitudes. --- History --- Empire ottoman --- Turkey --- Turkey. --- Histoire.