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Public law. Constitutional law --- Austria --- Constitutional law --- Droit constitutionnel --- BPB1508 --- Constitution --- Autriche --- Grondwet --- Oostenrijk --- Austria. --- Österreich --- Ao-ti-li --- Ostmark --- Alpen- und Donau-Reichsgaue --- al-Nimsā --- Ausztria --- Østrig --- Avusturya --- Avstrii︠a︡ --- Autriche (Republic) --- Rakousko --- Deutschösterreich --- German Austria --- Republik Österreich --- Austrian Republic --- Avstrija --- Republic of Austria --- オーストリア --- Ōsutoria --- אוסטריה --- Osṭriyah --- Austro-Hungarian Monarchy --- Holy Roman Empire --- Politics and government. --- Bundes-Verfassungsgesetz. --- costituzione --- forfatning --- конституция --- ústava --- grondwet --- författning --- Σύνταγμα --- põhiseadus --- Constitución --- konstitucija --- alkotmány --- ustava --- ustav --- Constituição --- perustuslaki --- konstitūcija --- constitution --- устав --- constituție --- kushtetutë --- konstytucja --- kostituzzjoni --- Verfassung --- costituzione flessibile --- ústavní zákon --- alkotmánytörvény --- costituzione rigida --- konstitucionalismus --- loi constitutionnelle --- lei constitucional --- carta costituzionale --- alkotmányerejű törvény --- constitutionele wet --- Satversme --- ley constitucional --- grundlag --- alaptörvény --- konstitucionālās prasības --- ústavní systém --- forfatningslov --- врховен закон --- θεμελιώδης νόμος --- ley constitutiva --- legge costituzionale --- Verfassungsgesetz --- Rakúsko --- Itävalta --- Аустрија --- Αυστρία --- Австрия --- Австрија --- An Ostair --- l-Awstrija --- Österreich --- Áustria --- Austrija --- Österrike --- ir-Repubblika tal-Awstrija --- Austria Vabariik --- República de Austria --- Republica Austria --- Δημοκρατία της Αυστρίας --- Република Австрия --- Republika Avstrija --- Austrijas Republika --- Republika Austrija --- Сојузна Република Австрија --- Rakúska republika --- República da Áustria --- Itävallan tasavalta --- Austrijos Respublika --- République d’Autriche --- Rakouská republika --- Republika Austrii --- Republiken Österrike --- die Republik Österreich --- Republiek Oostenrijk --- Repubblica d’Austria --- Republikken Østrig --- Republika e Austrisë --- Osztrák Köztársaság --- Република Австрија --- Република Аустрија --- bunreacht

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The Belgian Constitution, once described as a model of consensus democracy, has now become an enigma in comparative federalism. On the one hand, it demonstrates features which suggest institutional instability as well as elements that enhance the probability of secession. On the other hand, Belgium continues to exist as a federal system, based upon linguistic bipolarity. This linguistic bipolarity dominates Belgian politics and has shaped the design of Belgium's institutions as well as the Constitution's fundamental organising principles: concepts of federalism, democracy, separation of powers, constitutionalism and the rule of law. In this book, the institutional structure and the principles governing the Belgian constitutional system are explained in the light of its historical, demographic and political context. Linguistic bipolarity and its historical evolution explain the establishment of the Belgian State structure as a dual federalism, with exclusive powers, instruments for consensus making and obstruction, and elements of con-federal decision-making. It also explains the evolution in the concept of principles of democracy and the rule of law. Besides describing the devolutionary process, the book also incorporates two other elements that have shaped the Belgian constitutional landscape: fundamental rights and Europeanisation

BPB1510 --- Constitution --- Belgique --- Grondwet --- België --- Verfassung. --- Verfassungsrecht. --- Belgien. --- grondwet --- Constitutional law --- Constitutional law. --- Belgium. --- Public law. Constitutional law --- Belgium --- Constitutions --- Droit constitutionnel --- Constitution. --- Bélgica --- Belgija --- Belgien --- Belgie --- Belgicko --- Beļģija --- Белгија --- Belgio --- Белгия --- Belgia --- il-Belġju --- An Bheilg --- Βέλγιο --- Belgjika --- Belgia Kuningriik --- Beļģijas Karaliste --- Royaume de Belgique --- Belgian kuningaskunta --- Belgické kráľovstvo --- Koninkrijk België --- Belgijos Karalystė --- das Königreich Belgien --- Βασίλειο του Βελγίου --- Kingdom of Belgium --- Кралство Белгија --- Краљевина Белгија --- Belgické království --- Reino de Bélgica --- ir-Renju tal-Belġju --- Regatul Belgiei --- Kongeriget Belgien --- Кралство Белгия --- Mbretëria e Belgjikës --- Belga Királyság --- Królestwo Belgii --- Konungariket Belgien --- Reino da Bélgica --- Kraljevina Belgija --- Regno del Belgio --- costituzione --- forfatning --- конституция --- ústava --- författning --- Σύνταγμα --- põhiseadus --- Constitución --- konstitucija --- alkotmány --- ustava --- ustav --- Constituição --- perustuslaki --- konstitūcija --- constitution --- устав --- constituție --- kushtetutë --- konstytucja --- kostituzzjoni --- Verfassung --- costituzione flessibile --- ústavní zákon --- alkotmánytörvény --- costituzione rigida --- konstitucionalismus --- loi constitutionnelle --- lei constitucional --- carta costituzionale --- alkotmányerejű törvény --- constitutionele wet --- Satversme --- ley constitucional --- grundlag --- alaptörvény --- konstitucionālās prasības --- ústavní systém --- forfatningslov --- врховен закон --- θεμελιώδης νόμος --- ley constitutiva --- legge costituzionale --- Verfassungsgesetz --- bunreacht

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This book focuses on the Polish Constitution of 1997, concentrating on its structure, its substance and some of the institutional choices made by the drafters. The core of the Constitution is similar to other liberal democratic constitutions, but, in addition, it regulates a number of issues - such as public finances and sources of law - that are new to Polish constitutionalism and to constitutionalism in general. It considers in a detailed manner certain institutional choices made in the Constitution, such as the bicameral parliament, the peculiar structure of the executive branch, as well as the principle of independence of courts and judges, fundamental rights and local government. The book is a vital resource for all those interested in Poland's Constitution, and the rich comparative constitutional insights the country offers. In addition to explaining the 1997 Constitution in its political, historical, and social context, the book tackles the radical changes, in particular within the judicial branch, introduced by the new governing majority since 2015. These new regulations, constitutional in character, but without formally changing the Constitution, challenged the rule of law, a key component of membership in the European Union. Despite the negative nature of these recent developments, the anchoring of Polish constitutional law in European constitutionalism presents a source of optimism that the 1997 Constitution will regain its position as the supreme law of the state. --

Constitutional history --- BPB2007 --- constitution --- Pologne --- Poľsko --- Lenkija --- Πολωνία --- Polónia --- Lengyelország --- Puola --- il-Polonja --- Polska --- Polonia --- Poola --- Poland --- An Pholainn --- Полша --- Poljska --- Polen --- Полска --- Пољска --- Polija --- Polsko --- Polijas Republika --- Repubblica di Polonia --- Republica Polonă --- Δημοκρατία της Πολωνίας --- Republiek Polen --- Lenkijos Respublika --- Puolan tasavalta --- Република Пољска --- Lengyel Köztársaság --- Republikken Polen --- Rzeczpospolita Polska --- Poľská republika --- República de Polonia --- Република Полска --- Republiken Polen --- Република Полша --- República da Polónia --- Republic of Poland --- Republika Poljska --- Republika e Polonisë --- die Republik Polen --- Polská republika --- Poola Vabariik --- République de Pologne --- ir-Repubblika tal-Polonja --- costituzione --- forfatning --- конституция --- ústava --- grondwet --- författning --- Σύνταγμα --- põhiseadus --- Constitución --- konstitucija --- alkotmány --- ustava --- ustav --- Constituição --- perustuslaki --- konstitūcija --- устав --- constituție --- kushtetutë --- konstytucja --- kostituzzjoni --- Verfassung --- costituzione flessibile --- ústavní zákon --- alkotmánytörvény --- costituzione rigida --- konstitucionalismus --- loi constitutionnelle --- lei constitucional --- carta costituzionale --- alkotmányerejű törvény --- constitutionele wet --- Satversme --- ley constitucional --- grundlag --- alaptörvény --- konstitucionālās prasības --- ústavní systém --- forfatningslov --- врховен закон --- θεμελιώδης νόμος --- ley constitutiva --- legge costituzionale --- Verfassungsgesetz --- Politics and government --- bunreacht

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"This book introduces the reader to the Italian constitution, which entered into force on 1 January 1948, and examines whether it has successfully managed the political and legal challenges that have occurred since its inception, and fulfilled the three main functions of a constitution: maintaining a community, protecting the fundamental rights of citizens and ensuring the separation of powers"--

BPB9999 --- Constitutional law --- Constitutional history --- Human rights --- Separation of powers --- Histoire constitutionnelle --- Politique et gouvernement --- Droit constitutionnel --- Droits de l'homme --- Séparation des pouvoirs --- Italy --- Politics and government. --- BPB2302 --- grondwet --- Italië --- Taliansko --- Itália --- Италија --- Italia --- Italien --- Włochy --- An Iodáil --- Itálie --- Itālija --- Ιταλία --- l-Italja --- Olaszország --- Italie --- Itaalia --- Italija --- Италия --- Republika Włoska --- República Italiana --- Италианска република --- Olasz Köztársaság --- Republika e Italisë --- Talijanska Republika --- Italian Republic --- Itaalia Vabariik --- Italian tasavalta --- Repubblica italiana --- Itālijas Republika --- ir-Repubblika Taljana --- Italijos Respublika --- Republica Italiană --- Италијанска Република --- Italijanska republika --- Italská republika --- République italienne --- Talianska republika --- Република Италија --- Italiaanse Republiek --- die Italienische Republik --- Republiken Italien --- Den Italienske Republik --- Ιταλική Δημοκρατία --- costituzione --- forfatning --- конституция --- ústava --- bunreacht --- författning --- Σύνταγμα --- põhiseadus --- Constitución --- konstitucija --- alkotmány --- ustava --- ustav --- Constituição --- perustuslaki --- konstitūcija --- constitution --- устав --- constituție --- kushtetutë --- konstytucja --- kostituzzjoni --- Verfassung --- costituzione flessibile --- ústavní zákon --- alkotmánytörvény --- costituzione rigida --- konstitucionalismus --- loi constitutionnelle --- lei constitucional --- carta costituzionale --- alkotmányerejű törvény --- constitutionele wet --- Satversme --- ley constitucional --- grundlag --- alaptörvény --- konstitucionālās prasības --- ústavní systém --- forfatningslov --- врховен закон --- θεμελιώδης νόμος --- ley constitutiva --- legge costituzionale --- Verfassungsgesetz

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Secession. --- Self-determination, National. --- Federal government --- Regionalism --- Sécession --- Droit des peuples à disposer d'eux-mêmes --- Fédéralisme --- Régionalisme --- 212 Federalisme --- BPB0902 --- État fédéral --- Constitution --- Federale staat --- Grondwet --- Sécession --- Droit des peuples à disposer d'eux-mêmes --- Fédéralisme --- Régionalisme --- Secession --- Sovereignty --- Separatist movements --- Division of powers --- Federal-provincial relations --- Federal-state relations --- Federal systems --- Federalism --- Powers, Division of --- Provincial-federal relations --- State-federal relations --- Political science --- Central-local government relations --- Decentralization in government --- Law and legislation --- zvezna država --- liitriik --- forbundsstat --- федерална држава --- federatīva valsts --- ομοσπονδιακό κράτος --- liittovaltio --- stat federal --- federace --- Stat federali --- Stato federale --- szövetségi állam --- savezna država --- państwo federalne --- federatívny štát --- федерална държава --- савезна држава --- federale staat --- Bundesstaat --- federacinė valstybė --- förbundsstat --- Estado federal --- Shtet federal --- federal State --- неунитарна држава --- сложена држава --- Föderativstaat --- сојузна држава --- spolkový stát --- föderativer Staat --- föderatív állam --- federalna država --- federální stát --- federativní republika --- federativní stát --- costituzione --- forfatning --- конституция --- ústava --- grondwet --- författning --- Σύνταγμα --- põhiseadus --- Constitución --- konstitucija --- alkotmány --- ustava --- ustav --- Constituição --- perustuslaki --- konstitūcija --- constitution --- устав --- constituție --- kushtetutë --- konstytucja --- kostituzzjoni --- Verfassung --- costituzione flessibile --- ústavní zákon --- alkotmánytörvény --- costituzione rigida --- konstitucionalismus --- loi constitutionnelle --- lei constitucional --- carta costituzionale --- alkotmányerejű törvény --- constitutionele wet --- Satversme --- ley constitucional --- grundlag --- alaptörvény --- konstitucionālās prasības --- ústavní systém --- forfatningslov --- врховен закон --- θεμελιώδης νόμος --- ley constitutiva --- legge costituzionale --- Verfassungsgesetz --- bunreacht --- feidearálacht --- État fédéral