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Ecosystems are the stage on which the play of evolution is acted, and ecosystems are complex, spatially structured and temporally varying. The purpose of this Research Topic is to explore critical challenges and opportunities for the transition from landscape genetics to landscape genomics. Landscape genetics has focused on the spatial analysis of small genetic datasets, typically comprised of less than 20 microsatellite markers, taken from clusters of individuals in putative populations or distributed individuals across landscapes. The recent emergence of large scale genomic datasets produced by next generation sequencing methods poses tremendous challenge and opportunity to the field. Perhaps the greatest is to produce, process, curate, archive and analyze spatially referenced genomic datasets in a way such that research is led by a priori hypotheses regarding how environmental heterogeneity and temporal dynamics interact to affect gene flow and selection. The papers in the Research Topic cover a broad range of topics under this area of focus, from reviews of the emergence of landscape genetics, to best practices in spatial analysis of genetic data. The compilation, like the emerging field itself, is eclectic and illustrates the scope of both the challenges and opportunities of this emerging field.

landscape genomics --- gene flow --- next generation sequencing --- landscape genetics --- evolution

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Ecosystems are the stage on which the play of evolution is acted, and ecosystems are complex, spatially structured and temporally varying. The purpose of this Research Topic is to explore critical challenges and opportunities for the transition from landscape genetics to landscape genomics. Landscape genetics has focused on the spatial analysis of small genetic datasets, typically comprised of less than 20 microsatellite markers, taken from clusters of individuals in putative populations or distributed individuals across landscapes. The recent emergence of large scale genomic datasets produced by next generation sequencing methods poses tremendous challenge and opportunity to the field. Perhaps the greatest is to produce, process, curate, archive and analyze spatially referenced genomic datasets in a way such that research is led by a priori hypotheses regarding how environmental heterogeneity and temporal dynamics interact to affect gene flow and selection. The papers in the Research Topic cover a broad range of topics under this area of focus, from reviews of the emergence of landscape genetics, to best practices in spatial analysis of genetic data. The compilation, like the emerging field itself, is eclectic and illustrates the scope of both the challenges and opportunities of this emerging field.

landscape genomics --- gene flow --- next generation sequencing --- landscape genetics --- evolution

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This volume presents twenty contributions of international experts in science and administration on : - Expectations and anticipations of effects of genetically modified organisms (GMO) ; - Novel aspects in environmental risk evaluation ; - Legal aspects and monitoring ; - Concepts of risk and perception in the society. While the industry attempts to turn the emerging properties of transgenic organisms into marketable products, the general public in Europe remains intransigently sceptical to accept genetically modified organisms as food or food ingredients.In the heated public debate on GMO scientific arguments are likely to be used instrumentally from various sides - either to advertise or to demonise. Despite the intensity of the controversies, an important basis of decision, a central reference point of judgement remains widely obscured : What measure can be used to decide whether an environmental change, brought about by a certain type of genetically modified organism, is harmful or not ? It was this deficit that encouraged the Specialist Group on Gene Ecology of the Ecological Society of Germany, Austria and Switzerland to invite experts in order to critically evaluate experiences with the use of genetically modified organisms in agriculture as well as to present the state of scientific knowledge to operationalise the concepts of risk, hazard and damage.

Brassica napus --- biodiversity --- gene flow --- genetically modified organisms ( GMOs ) --- risk assessment --- symposium proceedings --- transgenic plants --- Transgenic plants --- Ecology --- Risk assessment

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Animal behaviour --- animal ecology --- gene flow --- population genetics --- Copulation --- Malaria --- Anopheles gambiae --- genetic variation --- environmental factors --- Reproductive performance --- Larvae --- Africa

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Plante --- plants --- Évolution --- evolution --- Adaptation --- Flux de gènes --- gene flow --- Paléontologie --- Palaeontology --- Anatomie végétale --- plant anatomy --- Physiologie végétale --- Plant physiology --- Génétique --- genetics --- Biotechnologie végétale --- Plant biotechnology --- Métabolisme --- Metabolism --- Botany. --- Crops. --- Plants --- Development. --- Effect of stress on. --- Effect of stress on --- Plant physiology. Plant biophysics --- Botany --- Crops --- Development --- evolution. --- Plants - Development --- Plants - Effect of stress on --- Crops, Agricultural