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E-journals --- Law --- General and Others --- -Law --- -Law reviews --- -349.479805 --- Z JURII --- Wa4est --- Law reviews --- Reviews, Law --- Acts, Legislative --- Enactments, Legislative --- Laws (Statutes) --- Legislative acts --- Legislative enactments --- Jurisprudence --- Legislation --- Electronic information resources --- Periodicals --- penal code --- civil code --- Estonian law --- fundamental personal rights --- European law --- European law --- estonian law --- european law

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We are often told that the Victorians were far less violent than their forbears: over the course of the nineteenth century, violent sports were mostly outlawed, violent crime, including homicide, notably declined, and punishments were hidden from public view within prison walls. They were also much more respectable, and actively sought orderly, uplifting, domestic and refined pastimes. Yet these were the very same people who celebrated the exceptionally violent careers of anti-heroes such as the brutal puppet Punch and the murderous barber Sweeney Todd. By drawing attention to the wide range of gruesome, bloody and confronting amusements patronised by ordinary Londoners this book challenges our understanding of Victorian society and culture. From the turn of the nineteenth century, graphic, yet orderly, 're-enactments' of high level violence flourished in travelling entertainments, penny broadsides, popular theatres, cheap instalment fiction and Sunday newspapers.

Violence in popular culture --- Theater --- Amusements --- History --- London (England) --- Social life and customs --- Edward Lloyd. --- Great Reform Act. --- cheap instalment fiction. --- industrial revolution. --- nineteenth-century London. --- penal code. --- penny novelettes. --- popular crime literature. --- popular entertainment. --- scaffold culture. --- sensational periodicals. --- social tensions. --- traditional amusements. --- urbanisation. --- violent Victorians.

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Strengthening the rule of law is widely regarded among traditional donors, multilateral institutions, and a growing number of middle income and fragile states as a necessary precondition for sustainable peace, poverty alleviation, and development. Crime and violence deter investment and lower employment, undermine social institutions, and divert resources through direct and indirect costs, all of which hinder development. It is likely to disproportionately affect poor and marginalized populations by limiting access to basic services. The formal criminal justice system is seen in many environments as failing to deliver justice. Most states experiencing fragility do not have the capacity to effectively prevent crime, enforce laws, or peacefully resolve disputes across the whole of their territories. There is another powerful deterrent for communities to seek redress through state criminal justice institutions: they are frequently a primary instrument for the government and elites to maintain power and control through the perpetration of injustice. The informal system, however, is alone insufficient to handle the pressing justice requirements of fragile states, not least for preventing and responding to inter-communal conflict, to serious organized and cross-border crime, and to public corruption and other 'white collar' crime.

Access to Justice --- Accountability --- Alternative Dispute Resolution --- Anticorruption --- Arbitration --- Arrests --- Children and Youth --- Civil Society Organizations --- Conflict and Development --- Corruption --- Corruption & anticorruption Law --- Courts --- Customary Law --- Discrimination --- Financial Management --- Gangs --- Gender --- Homicide --- Human Rights --- Inheritance --- International Cooperation --- Judicial Reform --- Judiciary --- Jurisdiction --- Law and Development --- Law Enforcement --- Leadership --- Legal Aid --- Legal Framework --- Legal Reform --- Mediation --- Parents --- Penal Code --- Post Conflict Reconstruction --- Rule of Law --- Sanctions --- Sentencing --- Social Conflict and Violence --- Social Development --- Technical Assistance --- Terrorism --- Transparency --- Urban Crime --- Violence --- Youth

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Six compelling histories of youth crime in the twentieth century Ages of Anxiety presents six case studies of juvenile justice policy in the twentieth century from around the world, adding context to the urgent and international conversation about youth, crime, and justice. By focusing on magistrates, social workers, probation and police officers, and youth themselves, editors William S. Bush and David S. Tanenhaus highlight the role of ordinary people as meaningful and consequential historical actors. After providing an international perspective on the social history of ideas about how children are different from adults, the contributors explain why those differences should matter for the administration of justice. They examine how reformers used the idea of modernization to build and legitimize juvenile justice systems in Europe and Mexico, and present histories of policing and punishing youth crime. Ages of Anxiety introduces a new theoretical model for interpreting historical research to demonstrate the usefulness of social histories of children and youth for policy analysis and decision-making in the twenty-first century. Shedding new light on the substantive aims of the juvenile court, the book is a historically informed perspective on the critical topic of youth, crime, and justice.Six compelling histories of youth crime in the twentieth century Ages of Anxiety presents six case studies of juvenile justice policy in the twentieth century from around the world, adding context to the urgent and international conversation about youth, crime, and justice. By focusing on magistrates, social workers, probation and police officers, and youth themselves, editors William S. Bush and David S. Tanenhaus highlight the role of ordinary people as meaningful and consequential historical actors. After providing an international perspective on the social history of ideas about how children are different from adults, the contributors explain why those differences should matter for the administration of justice. They examine how reformers used the idea of modernization to build and legitimize juvenile justice systems in Europe and Mexico, and present histories of policing and punishing youth crime. Ages of Anxiety introduces a new theoretical model for interpreting historical research to demonstrate the usefulness of social histories of children and youth for policy analysis and decision-making in the twenty-first century. Shedding new light on the substantive aims of the juvenile court, the book is a historically informed perspective on the critical topic of youth, crime, and justice.

Juvenile delinquents. --- Juvenile delinquency --- Juvenile justice, Administration of --- Juvenile justice, Administration of. --- History. --- Beazley. --- Bulger. --- Central Park Five. --- Juvenile Morality Squad. --- League of Nations. --- Montreal Miracle. --- State Security Court. --- Tocqueville. --- Tsarnaev. --- West Memphis Three. --- arrest rates. --- caseworkers. --- child-savers. --- children and crime. --- citizenship. --- crime prevention. --- delinquency. --- democratization. --- endogenous. --- estudio social. --- exogenous. --- juvenile delinquency. --- juvenile delinquents. --- juvenile justice. --- liberté surveillée. --- masheha. --- moral panic. --- mudirs. --- penal code. --- policing. --- probation. --- social class. --- social history of crime. --- social workers. --- soft authority. --- soft power. --- super-predators. --- supervised freedom. --- westernization. --- youth and crime.

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During the colonial period in India, European scholars, British officials, and elite Indian intellectuals-philologists, administrators, doctors, ethnologists, sociologists, and social critics-deployed ideas about sexuality to understand modern Indian society. In Indian Sex Life, Durba Mitra shows how deviant female sexuality, particularly the concept of the prostitute, became foundational to this knowledge project and became the primary way to think and write about Indian society.Bringing together vast archival materials from diverse disciplines, Mitra reveals that deviant female sexuality was critical to debates about social progress and exclusion, caste domination, marriage, widowhood and inheritance, women's performance, the trafficking of girls, abortion and infanticide, industrial and domestic labor, indentured servitude, and ideologies about the dangers of Muslim sexuality. British authorities and Indian intellectuals used the concept of the prostitute to argue for the dramatic reorganization of modern Indian society around Hindu monogamy. Mitra demonstrates how the intellectual history of modern social thought is based in a dangerous civilizational logic built on the control and erasure of women's sexuality. This logic continues to hold sway in present-day South Asia and the postcolonial world.Reframing the prostitute as a concept, Indian Sex Life overturns long-established notions of how to write the history of modern social thought in colonial India, and opens up new approaches for the global history of sexuality.

Women --- Marriage --- Monogamous relationships --- Women --- Sexual behavior --- Social conditions. --- Abortion. --- Afsaneh Najmabadi. --- Ancient India. --- Banerjee. --- Caste. --- Cesare Lombroso. --- Chastity. --- Chatterjee. --- Civilization. --- Colonial India. --- Colonialism. --- Concubinage. --- Contagious Diseases Acts. --- Courtesan. --- Crime. --- Criminal law. --- Culture of India. --- Deviance (sociology). --- Endogamy. --- Episteme. --- Eroticism. --- Ethnography. --- Ethnology. --- Eugenics. --- Exclusion. --- Explanation. --- Fallen woman. --- Forensic science. --- Gender role. --- Government of India. --- Harvard University. --- Herbert Spencer. --- Hermeneutics. --- Hindu law. --- Hindu. --- Historiography. --- Human female sexuality. --- Ideology. --- Inception. --- India Office. --- Indian Penal Code. --- Indology. --- Infanticide. --- Islamic marital practices. --- Knowledge economy. --- Kolkata. --- Literature. --- Masculinity. --- Medical jurisprudence. --- Modernity. --- Monogamy. --- Morality. --- Narrative. --- National Archives of India. --- Objectivity (science). --- Obscenity. --- Pathologica. --- Patriarchy. --- Perversion. --- Philology. --- Political philosophy. --- Pollution. --- Positivism. --- Procuring (prostitution). --- Progressivism. --- Promiscuity. --- Prostitution in India. --- Prostitution law. --- Prostitution. --- Publication. --- Puranas. --- Racial hierarchy. --- Sanskrit. --- Sex life. --- Sexology. --- Sexual desire. --- Sexual norm. --- Sexual violence. --- Shame. --- Short story. --- Social Practice. --- Social change. --- Social exclusion. --- Social fact. --- Social issue. --- Social science. --- Social status. --- Social stigma. --- Social theory. --- Society. --- Sociology. --- Sodomy. --- South Asia. --- Sultana's Dream. --- Tanika Sarkar. --- Testimonial. --- Treatise. --- Widow. --- Women in Islam. --- Writing.