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"Some years-1789, 1929, 1989-change the world suddenly. Or do they? In 2020, a pandemic converged with an economic collapse, inequalities exploded, and institutions weakened. Yet these crises sprung not from new risks but known dangers. The world-like many patients-met 2020 with a host of preexisting conditions, which together tilted the odds toward disaster. Perhaps 2020 wasn't the year the world changed; perhaps it was simply the moment the world finally understood its deadly diagnosis. In The Long Year, some of the world's most incisive thinkers excavate 2020's buried crises, revealing how they must be confronted in order to achieve a more equal future. Keeanga-Yamahtta Taylor calls for the defunding of police and the refunding of communities; Keisha Blain demonstrates why the battle against racism must be global; and Adam Tooze reveals that COVID-19 hit hardest where inequality was already greatest and welfare states weakest. Yarimar Bonilla, Xiaowei Wang, Simon Balto, Marcia Chatelain, Gautam Bhan, Ananya Roy, and others offer insights from the factory farms of China to the elite resorts of France, the meatpacking plants of the Midwest to the overcrowded hospitals of India. The definitive guide to these ongoing catastrophes, The Long Year shows that only by exposing the roots and ramifications of 2020 can another such breakdown be prevented"--

Economic development --- Equality --- Police --- Racial justice. --- COVID-19 (Disease) --- Social aspects. --- Political aspects. --- Big Lie. --- Black Lives Matter. --- COVID-19. --- COVID. --- January 6. --- Trump. --- capitalism. --- democracy. --- election. --- inequality. --- injustice. --- pandemic. --- police violence. --- protest. --- social unrest.

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Nearly 60 percent of Uganda's population is aged below twenty. This generation faces health and economic challenges associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), early pregnancy, and unemployment. Whether these challenges are due to a lack of information and or vocational skills is however uncertain. A programme was conducted to provide: (i) vocational training to run small-scale enterprises; and (ii) information on health and risky behaviors. The programme conducted, positively impacts behaviors on both economic and health margins. On economic margins, the intervention raises the likelihood that girls engage in income generating activities by 32 percent mainly driven by increased participation in self-employment. On health related margins, self-reported routine condom usage increases by 50 percent among the sexually active, and the probability of having a child decreases by 26 percent. Strikingly, the share of girls reporting sex against their will drops from 21 percent to almost zero. The findings suggest combined interventions might be more effective among adolescent girls than single-pronged interventions aiming to improve labor market outcomes solely through vocational training, or to change risky behaviors solely through education programmes.

Adolescent Health --- Adolescents --- Childbirth --- Curriculum --- Dependency Ratio --- Developing Countries --- Domestic Violence --- Education --- Education For All --- Enrollment Rates --- Family Planning --- Fertility --- Fertility Rates --- Gender --- Health, Nutrition and Population --- Human Capital --- Infections --- Information Campaigns --- Labor Market --- Leadership --- Literacy --- Private Sector Development --- Reading --- Reproductive Health --- Returns to Education --- School Attendance --- Schools --- Sex Workers --- Sexual Behaviors --- Small and Medium Size Enterprises --- Social Norms --- Social Protections and Labor --- Social Unrest --- Unemployment --- Urban Areas --- Violence Against Women --- Vocational & Technical Education --- Youth

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Since 2005, a growing number of vulnerable communities and nations have used the human rights lexicon to argue their case for an urgent and ambitious response to climate change. The purpose of this Social Development Department Working paper is to examine the emergence of a new discourse linking climate change and human rights, and to assess its social and political implications, particularly as they relate to development practitioners. The scope of this paper is to explore what relevance this new discourse has on what David Kennedy calls the 'vocabularies, expertise, and sensibilities' of development practitioners (Kennedy 2005). The methodology for this paper involved interviews with academics and policy practitioners who have shaped this emerging discourse; a wide-ranging literature review of texts relevant to the fields of development, climate change and human rights; discussions with development professionals who have the daily responsibility of operationalizing approaches to reducing vulnerability and building resilience; and finally drawing upon the author's own experience leading the Maldives' government's initiative on the Human Dimensions of Climate Change and as a consultant within the Social Dimensions of Climate Change Cluster of the World Bank's Social Development Department. It is important to stress that this paper is not a legal piece. Human rights are as much about ethical demands, calls for social justice, public awareness, advocacy, and political action as they are concerned with legal norms and rules. Sen has pointed out a 'theory of human rights cannot be sensibly confined within the juridical model in which it is frequently incarcerated' (Sen 2004, 319). Consequently this piece will focus on the wider, political economy aspects of the interface between human rights and climate change. It is further appropriate to state that this is not an advocacy piece. The paper deliberately avoids being normative or prescriptive in recommending a human rights-based approach to developing climate change operations. It does examine why vulnerable populations chose to embrace this approach, why they continue to view it as a transformative strategy, and what some of the successes and challenges have been.

Biodiversity --- Capacity Building --- Carbon Sinks --- Cash Crops --- Climate --- Climate Change --- Climate Change Mitigation and Green House Gases --- Coral Reefs --- Cyclones --- Developing Countries --- Development Policy --- Disasters --- Educational Attainment --- Emissions --- Environment --- Extreme Weather Events --- Floods --- Food Production --- Global Average Temperature --- Global Warming --- Good Governance --- Human Rights --- Humidity --- Hurricanes --- Indigenous Peoples --- Infant Mortality --- Informed Consent --- Intergovernmental Panel On Climate Change --- International Law --- Law and Development --- Malaria --- Mental Health --- Methane --- Migration --- Millennium Development Goals --- National Security --- Natural Disasters --- Pesticides --- Population Density --- Precipitation --- Public Opinion --- Rainfall --- Respect --- Social Aspects of Climate Change --- Social Development --- Social Justice --- Social Unrest --- Soil Erosion --- Temperature --- Treaties --- Tropical Storms --- Tuberculosis --- Unemployment --- Vulnerable Groups --- Window of Opportunity

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628.1 --- 628.176 --- 631.672 --- 628.176 Large-scale rural water consumption. Agricultural water consumption --- Large-scale rural water consumption. Agricultural water consumption --- 628.1 Water supply, treatment, consumption and use --- Water supply, treatment, consumption and use --- Water supply --- Social unrest --- Multiculturalism --- Politics and culture --- Water resources development --- Water rights --- Availability, Water --- Water availability --- Water resources --- Natural resources --- Public utilities --- Water utilities --- Rights, Water --- Water --- Riparian rights --- Water trusts --- Energy development --- Water-supply --- Culture --- Culture and politics --- Cultural diversity policy --- Cultural pluralism --- Cultural pluralism policy --- Ethnic diversity policy --- Social policy --- Anti-racism --- Ethnicity --- Cultural fusion --- Law and legislation --- Political aspects --- Government policy --- Water conservation --- Water use --- water supply --- Cultural values --- Politique --- Policies --- Andean region --- North America

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The world has become increasingly separated into the haves and have-nots. In The Culture of Contentment, renowned economist John Kenneth Galbraith shows how a contented class-not the privileged few but the socially and economically advantaged majority-defend their comfortable status at a cost. Middle-class voting against regulation and increased taxation that would remedy pressing social ills has created a culture of immediate gratification, leading to complacency and hampering long-term progress. Only economic disaster, military action, or the eruption of an angry underclass seem capable of changing the status quo. A groundbreaking critique, The Culture of Contentment shows how the complacent majority captures the political process and determines economic policy.

Free enterprise --- Poor --- Social values. --- Since 1980 --- United States --- United States. --- Economic policy --- Economic conditions --- Social conditions --- Foreign relations --- Adam Smith. --- Communism. --- Contented Electoral Majority. --- Contented Majority. --- Democratic Party. --- Eastern Europe. --- Franklin D. Roosevelt. --- New Deal. --- Republican Party. --- Ronald Reagan. --- Western Europe. --- acquisitions. --- arms buildup. --- bureaucracy. --- bureaucratic syndrome. --- capitalism. --- common purpose. --- communism. --- complacency. --- consumers. --- contentment. --- corporations. --- costs. --- crime. --- defense spending. --- democracy. --- depression. --- economic accommodation. --- economic advantage. --- economic discomfort. --- economic life. --- economic policies. --- economic power. --- economic well-being. --- economically advantaged. --- economics. --- effective demand. --- electoral politics. --- external authority. --- financial devastation. --- fiscal policy. --- foreign policy. --- functional underclass. --- government. --- have nots. --- haves. --- immediate gratification. --- immigrants. --- incomes. --- industrial economy. --- inflation. --- inner cities. --- international relations. --- laissez faire. --- loan scandal. --- macroeconomic policy. --- macroeconomic regulation. --- media. --- mergers. --- middle-class voting. --- military action. --- military power. --- military spending. --- military. --- monetarism. --- monetary policy. --- money. --- organization power. --- political behavior. --- political economy. --- politics of contentment. --- politics. --- poor. --- private sector. --- public budget. --- public expenditures. --- public services. --- purchasing power. --- recession. --- recreation. --- regulation. --- resentment. --- savings scandal. --- security. --- self-regard. --- social advantage. --- social disorder. --- social exclusion. --- social unrest. --- socially advantaged. --- supply-side economics. --- tax policy. --- tax reductions. --- taxation. --- the poor. --- thought. --- time. --- underclass revolt. --- underclass. --- urban slums. --- violence. --- war. --- wealth. --- welfare state. --- well-being.