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Exile and Return have caused a crisis in Israelite religion. This crisis eventually gave the impetus for the emergence of Judaism. The papers in this volume, originally read at a Symposium organized by Utrecht University in April 1998, discuss the relevant aspects of this crisis and the shift from Yahwism to Judaism. The collection of papers is unique in presenting a multidimensional treatment of the problems involved. Biblical texts are read against their historical background with the question in mind: How did the author(s) of this text cope with the changed and shifting situation? Next to that the period under consideration is discussed from historical, religion-historical, archaeological and iconographic angles. The volume underscores the significance of this period for Biblical studies and will certainly yield further discussion.

Judaism --- History --- 933.23 --- -Jews --- Religions --- Semites --- Jews --- Geschiedenis van het Joodse volk: ballingschap--(587-538 v.Chr.) --- -Religion --- Religion --- -Geschiedenis van het Joodse volk: ballingschap--(587-538 v.Chr.) --- -933.23 --- 933.23 Geschiedenis van het Joodse volk: ballingschap--(587-538 v.Chr.) --- Hellenistic Judaism --- Judaism, Hellenistic --- Bible. --- Antico Testamento --- Hebrew Bible --- Hebrew Scriptures --- Kitve-ḳodesh --- Miḳra --- Old Testament --- Palaia Diathēkē --- Pentateuch, Prophets, and Hagiographa --- Sean-Tiomna --- Stary Testament --- Tanakh --- Tawrāt --- Torah, Neviʼim, Ketuvim --- Torah, Neviʼim u-Khetuvim --- Velho Testamento --- Criticism, interpretation, etc. --- Post-exilic period, 586 B.C.-210 A.D. --- Bible. Old Testament --- Criticism, interpretation, etc --- Judaism - History - Post-exilic period, 586 B.C.-210 A.D. --- Transformacy --- Bible AT --- Judaïsme --- Juifs --- Critique, interprétation, etc --- 586 av J-C-210 (Période postexilique) --- 598-515 av J-C (Captivité de Babylone)

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Over a hundred years ago, Wellhausen's revolutionary aim in his 'Prolegomena' was to prove that the Priestly legal sections of the Pentateuch reflect postexilic Judaism and must be considered a deviation from the prophetic religion which preceded it. The present study points out the biased assumptions underlying Wellhausen's theory and the fallacies in this thesis. A strong case is made for the antiquity of the Priestly Code and its antedating the Book of Deuteronomy in light of many parallels between the Priestly Law and ritual texts from the Ancient Near East, and an examination of the mythic outlook in P which distinguishes it from both Deuteronomy and Second Isaiah.

Jews --- Judaism --- P document (Biblical criticism) --- History --- Wellhausen, Julius, --- Bible. --- Criticism, interpretation, etc. --- 221.08*2 --- 296*52 --- 296*52 Joodse ethiek: Halacha; Minhag (gewoonten); Tora --- Joodse ethiek: Halacha; Minhag (gewoonten); Tora --- 221.08*2 Theologie van het Oude Testament: moraal; ethica; juridica Israelis; vroomheid --- Theologie van het Oude Testament: moraal; ethica; juridica Israelis; vroomheid --- Priestly document (Biblical criticism) --- Antico Testamento --- Hebrew Bible --- Hebrew Scriptures --- Kitve-ḳodesh --- Miḳra --- Old Testament --- Palaia Diathēkē --- Pentateuch, Prophets, and Hagiographa --- Sean-Tiomna --- Stary Testament --- Tanakh --- Tawrāt --- Torah, Neviʼim, Ketuvim --- Torah, Neviʼim u-Khetuvim --- Velho Testamento --- Jews - History - To 70 A.D. --- Judaism - History - To 70 A.D. --- Wellhausen, Julius, - 1844-1918. - Prolegomena zur Geschichte Israels.

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The attitude of Jews living in the medieval Christian world to Jews who converted to Christianity or to Christians seeking to join the Jewish faith reflects the central traits that make up Jewish self-identification. The Jews saw themselves as a unique group chosen by God, who expected them to play a specific and unique role in the world. This study researches fully for the various aspects of the way European Jews regarded members of their own fold in the context of lapses into another religion.

Jews --- Judaism --- Christianity and other religions --- History --- Relations --- Christianity --- Identity. --- Europe, Northern --- Ethnic relations --- Identity, Jewish --- Jewish identity --- Jewishness --- Jewish law --- Jewish nationalism --- Syncretism (Christianity) --- Religions --- Semites --- Hebrews --- Israelites --- Jewish people --- Jewry --- Judaic people --- Judaists --- Ethnology --- Religious adherents --- Ethnic identity --- Race identity --- Legal status, laws, etc. --- Religion --- Northern Europe --- Jews. --- To 1500 --- Europe, Northern. --- Jewish question --- European history --- Social & cultural history --- Jewish history --- medieval --- Jewish --- conversion --- converted --- European Jews --- theology --- Jewish/Christian relations --- Middle Ages --- inter-religious --- Apostasy --- Halakha --- Rashi --- History. --- European history. --- HISTORY / Jewish. --- History & Archaeology --- Identity --- Offenses against religion --- Heresy