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Agricultural drainage, such as runoffs from farmlands and wineries, are contaminated waters. Their management is monitored by environmental protection authorities who set targets of volume or pollutant reductions. Due to large quantities and seasonal variations, the targets are often not met, and effective management remains a problem in many parts of the world. Natural wetlands are known as the 'kidneys' of the earth with unique water purification functions that have long been recognized. Imitating the functions of natural wetlands, constructed wetlands are engineered systems purposely built to treat contaminated waters. They may therefore be called the 'artificial kidneys' of the earth. Rural areas often only have low-value lands available for constructed wetlands. Where large quantities of drainage are produced, farmlands are often adjacent to degraded natural wetlands that have reduced ecosystem functions. Controlled discharge and treatment in the wetlands can potentially be part of an integrated solution to multiple environmental problems. This book includes some recent studies on the fate of pollutants removed from agricultural drainage in wetlands, modelling of wetland performance, innovative systems, and the use of non-hazardous agricultural waste in constructed wetlands for wastewater treatment. These studies enhance our understanding of wetland systems, and will help develop wetland technology towards solving the problems associated with agricultural drainage.

Drainage. --- Land drainage --- Agricultural engineering --- Hydraulic engineering --- Reclamation of land --- Sanitary engineering --- Sewerage

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Wetlands are a vital part of the landscape and ecology of the United States, providing critical habitat for fish and wildlife; yet they are being destroyed at an alarming rate. A detailed and comprehensive analysis of wetlands management, Wetland Drainage, Restoration, and Repair can help reverse this trend. The book begins with an historical overview of wetland destruction and repair over the past two hundred years and shows clearly how the effects on drained locations remain evident generations later. It also serves as a unique guide to aid anyone, from novice to engineer, engaged in the

Drainage. --- Wetland restoration. --- Land drainage --- Agricultural engineering --- Hydraulic engineering --- Reclamation of land --- Sanitary engineering --- Sewerage --- Restoration of wetlands --- Wetlands --- Wetlands restoration --- Restoration ecology --- Wetland management --- Restoration

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627.2 --- 627.5 --- Ports, harbours and roadsteads: engineering and construction works in general --- Other waterway protection and improvement works. Dykes. Coast protection. Land drainage and reclamation --- 627.5 Other waterway protection and improvement works. Dykes. Coast protection. Land drainage and reclamation --- 627.2 Ports, harbours and roadsteads: engineering and construction works in general

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Seepage --- Drainage --- Soil percolation --- Hydrostatics --- Percolation --- Soil absorption and adsorption --- Soil moisture --- Soil physics --- Soil capillarity --- Soil permeability --- Infiltration --- Water --- Hydraulics --- Soil infiltration rate --- Land drainage --- Agricultural engineering --- Hydraulic engineering --- Reclamation of land --- Sanitary engineering --- Sewerage

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Underdraining has been recognized as one of the major capital-intensive agricultural improvements of the nineteenth century. Over half the agricultural area of England is subject to waterlogging and is in need of some form of underdraining, rendering the improvement both technically and economically basic to much of English agriculture. By removing excess soil water, the object of underdraining was to reproduce as far as possible the conditions of free-draining land, which was workable all year round, and to create an optimum soil-moisture content for both plant growth and cultivation. Despite the necessity for the improvement, a wide-ranging debate exists in the literature on the extent, effectiveness and agricultural importance of underdraining in the nineteenth century. The present study attempts to resolve this debate. By examining the evidence of draining loans under the Public Money Draining Acts and of the various land improvement companies and the accounts of estates in Devon, Northamptonshire and Northumberland, a precise record has been provided for the, first of the spread of underdraining in England in the nineteenth century, of the factors involved in its adoption and of its impact on agricultural practice in that period.

Drainage --- Agriculture --- Farms --- Farmsteads --- Land use, Rural --- Real property --- Farming --- Husbandry --- Industrial arts --- Life sciences --- Food supply --- Land drainage --- Agricultural engineering --- Hydraulic engineering --- Reclamation of land --- Sanitary engineering --- Sewerage --- Economic aspects --- History --- Earth Sciences --- Geography