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Ninety years after the discovery of human influenza virus, Modern Flu traces the history of this breakthrough and its implications for understanding and controlling influenza ever since. Examining how influenza came to be defined as a viral disease in the first half of the twentieth century, it argues that influenza’s viral identity did not suddenly appear with the discovery of the first human influenza virus in 1933. Instead, it was rooted in the development of medical virus research and virological ways of knowing that grew out of a half-century of changes and innovations in medical science that were shaped through two influenza pandemics, two world wars, and by state-sponsored programs to scientifically modernise British medicine. A series of transformations, in which virological ideas and practices were aligned with and incorporated into medicine and public health, underpinned the viralisation of influenza in the 1930s and 1940s. Collaboration, conflict and exchange between researchers, medical professionals and governmental bodies lay at the heart of this process. This book is a history of how virus researchers, clinicians, and epidemiologists, medical scientific and public health bodies, and institutions, and philanthropies in Britain, the USA and beyond, forged a new medical consensus on the identity and nature of influenza. Shedding new light on the modern history of influenza, this book is a timely account of how ways of knowing and controlling this intractable epidemic disease became viral. Michael Bresalier is Lecturer in the History of Medicine and co-director of the Medical Humanities Research Centre at Swansea University, in the UK.

History, Modern. --- Modern History.

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The D’Avalos name evokes images of cruel battles and tragic love stories, reminds figures of great warlords and sophisticated ladies, nourishes the legend of fabulous riches and luxurious residences. The work of scholars who explored the thick forest of Innico and Alfonso D’Avalos descendants do not allow to completely outline the history of this family. The family’s private archive, inviolable guardian of their memories, where records related to the private sphere and official acts, such as pontifical papers and relations with the sovereigns, are kept is still inaccessible. The records of the notary Scotto di Santolo can be very useful, because they allowed the reconstruction of the wide archival heritage coming from the past, recorded along with other property of the family after the death, in 1862, of last heir of the primary branch, the Prince Alfonso D’Avalos. The transcription of the D’Avalos archive before the Italian unification that we present can avoid its definitive "burial".

d'Avalos --- Modern History

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Mit dem Quellenband werden der Forschung erstmals Schlüsseldokumente zur Amtsorganisation und zum Personal des preußischen Hofes im langen 19. Jahrhundert zur Verfügung gestellt. Basierend auf den jüngeren Thesen zur "Neuerfindung der Monarchie" und einer betont kultur- und sozialgeschichtlich ausgerichteten Hofforschung thematisiert der Band das preußische Beispiel. Unter dem Fokus von Wandel und Traditionalität sind die organisatorischen Grundlagen der Hohenzollernmonarchie auch in europäischer und globaler Perspektive dokumentiert. Neben den vielstufigen höfischen Verwaltungsstrukturen werden ebenso Facetten zum höheren wie niederen Hofpersonals offengelegt und Einblicke in die sich wandelnde Arbeits- und Lebenswelt am Hofe gewährt.

History --- Modern History

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Hans-Jürgen Bömelburg erzählt erstmals die Geschichte von Lodz, der zweitgrößten polnischen Stadt des 19./20. Jahrhunderts, aus multikultureller und vielsprachiger Perspektive. Die Stadt ist historisch durch die Textilindustrie geprägt. Ihr Aufstieg war die Leistung von deutschen, jüdischen, polnischen und russischen Wirtschaftsbürgern und oft in prekären Verhältnissen lebenden, vor allem weiblichen Arbeitskräften in den Fabriken. Diese kosmopolitische Bevölkerung bestimmte das Gesicht von Lodz als einer "Stadt der vier Kulturen". Das Buch zeigt aber auch, wie die Einwohnerschaft in den 1930er Jahren in nationale Gruppen aufgespalten wurde und wie sie während des 2. Weltkriegs als deutsch besetztes "Litzmannstadt" von innen zerstört wurde. Vertreibung und Diskriminierung nach 1945 zerstörten multikulturelle Restbestände. Im kommunistischen Polen besaß die Textilindustrie keine Lobby und ging auch in Lodz in den 1990er Jahren unter.

History --- Modern History

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This monograph, which complements the existing body of work on the Armenian diaspora in a Central European context, is the first demographic synthesis devoted to the Armenian community in Old Poland and Austrian Galicia (1772-1860). It is the story of the biological and cultural trajectory of a human life: birth, marriage, childbearing, family life, sickness, old age and death. The author enumerates the Armenian diaspora in Austrian Galicia and poses questions regarding Armenian identity, religious practices and community life. The book includes a discussion of archival sources and contains a selection of the parish family registers (status animarum) in the annex. These documents, which not only enhance the narration but also detail the Armenian families, can stimulate further research and support genealogical investigations.

Early Modern History