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Les divers retours a Kant, au cours de la deuxieme moitie du XIXe siecle, ont produit des contributions philosophiques majeures non seulement dans le champ de la theorie de la connaissance, mais aussi de la metaphysique, de la psychologie, de l'ethique, de la philosophie de la culture et des sciences humaines. Comme on le sait, le sens de ces retours n'etait pas celui de conserver ou de simplement revendiquer une supposee doctrine dans une realite qui n'etait plus exactement celle du philosophe de Konigsberg. Il etait plutot question de renouveler, dans un monde qui changeait de maniere vertigineuse, la puissance de la methode transcendantale et de l'idealisme.Interroger les origines, l evolution et les problematiques du neokantisme repond a un double interet : comprendre l histoire de la philosophie du XXe siecle, tant pour ce qui concerne les renouvellements de la logique depuis Frege, Russell et le cercle de Vienne, que pour la naissance et le devenir de la phenomenologie husserlienne et de l hermeneutique heideggerienne ; cette etude a aussi un interet systematique, puisqu il aide a explorer la vigueur d une methode et d une forme de questionnement qui s'avere particulierement pertinentes aujourd'hui.

Neo-Kantianism

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Das Buch ist eine systematische Bearbeitung der neukantischen Philosophie und enthält einen Überblick über die wichtigsten Vertreter aller sieben neukantianischen Richtungen und Schulen: physiologische, metaphysische, relativistische, psychologische, realistische, so wie auch Badische Schule und Marburger Schule.

Neo-Kantianism --- Philosophy, German. --- History.

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Neo-Kantianism. --- Knowledge, Theory of.

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Frederick C. Beiser tells the story of the emergence of neo-Kantianism from the late 1790s until the 1880s. He focuses on neo-Kantianism before official or familiar neo-Kantianism, i.e., before the formation of the various schools of neo-Kantianism in the 1880s and 1890s (which included the Marburg school, the Southwestern school, and the Gottingen school). Beiser argues that the source of neo-Kantianism lies in three crucial but neglected figures: Jakob Friedrich Fries, Johann Friedrich Herbart, and Friedrich Beneke, who together form what he calls 'the lost tradition'. They are the first neo-Kantians because they defended Kant's limits on knowledge against the excesses of speculative idealism, because they upheld Kant's dualisms against their many critics, and because they adhered to Kant's transcendental idealism. Much of this book is devoted to an explanation for the rise of neo-Kantianism. Beiser contends that it became a greater force in the decades from 1840 to 1860 in response to three major developments in German culture: the collapse of speculative idealism; the materialism controversy; and the identity crisis of philosophy. As he goes on to argue, after the 1860s neo-Kantianism became a major philosophical force because of its response to two later cultural developments: the rise of pessimism and Darwinism.

Philosophy --- Neo-Kantianism --- Kant, Immanuel, - 1724-1804

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Neo-kantianism. --- Positivism. --- Schulze, Gottlob Ernst,