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History of the Netherlands --- anno 1500-1799 --- Netherlands - Economic conditions --- 338 <09> --- 338 <09> Economische geschiedenis --- Economische geschiedenis --- Netherlands --- Economic conditions.

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Nobel laureate Robert Fogel's compelling study, first published in 2004, examines health, nutrition and technology over the last three centuries and beyond. Throughout most of human history, chronic malnutrition has been the norm. During the past three centuries, however, a synergy between improvements in productive technology and in human physiology has enabled humans to more than double their average longevity and to increase their average body size by over 50 per cent. Larger, healthier humans have contributed to the acceleration of economic growth and technological change, resulting in reduced economic inequality, declining hours of work and a corresponding increase in leisure time. Increased longevity has also brought increased demand for health care. Professor Fogel argues that health care should be viewed as the growth industry of the twenty-first century and systems of financing it should be reformed. His book will be essential reading for all those interested in economics, demography, history and health care policy.

Mortalité --- Mortalité --- 330.564 --- 338 <09> --- 364.22 --- 364.22 Armoede. Financiele problemen. Financiele nood --- Armoede. Financiele problemen. Financiele nood --- 338 <09> Economische geschiedenis --- Economische geschiedenis --- 330.564 Verdeling van nationaal inkomen. Inkomensverdeling --- Verdeling van nationaal inkomen. Inkomensverdeling --- Social problems --- World history --- anno 1700-1799 --- anno 1800-1999 --- anno 2000-2099 --- Food supply --- Malnutrition --- Medical care --- Mortality --- History. --- Arts and Humanities --- History --- Aliments --- Soins médicaux --- Approvisionnement --- Histoire --- Mortality, Law of --- Death --- Demography --- Death (Biology) --- Delivery of health care --- Delivery of medical care --- Health care --- Health care delivery --- Health services --- Healthcare --- Medical and health care industry --- Medical services --- Personal health services --- Public health --- Nutrition disorders --- Nutrition --- Starvation

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This book develops a framework for analyzing the creation and consolidation of democracy. Different social groups prefer different political institutions because of the way they allocate political power and resources. Thus democracy is preferred by the majority of citizens, but opposed by elites. Dictatorship nevertheless is not stable when citizens can threaten social disorder and revolution. In response, when the costs of repression are sufficiently high and promises of concessions are not credible, elites may be forced to create democracy. By democratizing, elites credibly transfer political power to the citizens, ensuring social stability. Democracy consolidates when elites do not have strong incentive to overthrow it. These processes depend on (1) the strength of civil society, (2) the structure of political institutions, (3) the nature of political and economic crises, (4) the level of economic inequality, (5) the structure of the economy, and (6) the form and extent of globalization.

Democracy --- Democratization --- Equality --- Political culture --- Dictatorship --- Comparative government --- Economic aspects --- 321.6 --- Niet-democratische staatsvormen. Antidemokratie. Dictatuur. Totalitarisme--(politieke stelsels) --- 321.6 Niet-democratische staatsvormen. Antidemokratie. Dictatuur. Totalitarisme--(politieke stelsels) --- #SBIB:17H3 --- #SBIB:324H20 --- #SBIB:324H71 --- 321.60 --- AA / International- internationaal --- 321.7 --- 338 <09> --- 338 <09> Economische geschiedenis --- Economische geschiedenis --- 321.7 Democratie. Plurale samenleving. Pluralisme. Democratische pluraliteit--(moderne democratie politieke stelsels) --- Democratie. Plurale samenleving. Pluralisme. Democratische pluraliteit--(moderne democratie politieke stelsels) --- Culture --- Political science --- Egalitarianism --- Inequality --- Social equality --- Social inequality --- Sociology --- Liberty --- Absolutism --- Autocracy --- Tyranny --- Authoritarianism --- Despotism --- Totalitarianism --- Democratic consolidation --- Democratic transition --- New democracies --- Comparative political systems --- Comparative politics --- Government, Comparative --- Political systems, Comparative --- Politieke wijsbegeerte --- Politologie: theorieën (democratie, comparatieve studieën….) --- Politieke verandering: modernisatie, democratisering, regional development --- Regeringsstelsels en -methodes: algemeenheden --- Economic order --- International economic relations --- Political systems --- Comparative government. --- Democratization. --- Dictatorship. --- Equality. --- Political culture. --- Economic aspects. --- Démocratie --- Démocratisation --- Egalité (Sociologie) --- Culture politique --- Dictature --- Institutions politiques comparées --- Aspect économique --- 321 --- 330.342 --- 339.9 --- Politieke systemen --- Economische orde --- Internationale economische betrekkingen --- Business, Economy and Management --- Economics --- Democracy - Economic aspects