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Anglo-Saxon elves [Old English ælfe] are one of the best attested non-Christian beliefs in early medieval Europe, but current interpretations of the evidence derive directly from outdated nineteenth- and early twentieth-century scholarship. Integrating linguistic and textual approaches into an anthropologically-inspired framework, this book reassesses the full range of evidence. It traces continuities and changes in medieval non-Christian beliefs with a new degree of reliability, from pre-conversion times to the eleventh century and beyond, and uses comparative material from medieval Ireland and Scandinavia to argue for a dynamic relationship between beliefs and society. In particular, it interprets the cultural significance of elves as a cause of illness in medical texts, and provides new insights into the much-discussed Scandinavian magic of seidr. Elf-beliefs, moreover, were connected with Anglo-Saxon constructions of sex and gender; their changing nature provides a rare insight into a fascinating area of early medieval European culture.

Shortlisted for the Katharine Briggs Folklore Award 2007

ALARIC HALL is a fellow of the Helsinki Collegium for Advanced Studies.

Comparative religion --- History of civilization --- Ethnology. Cultural anthropology --- anno 500-1499 --- Great Britain --- Elves. --- Anglo-Saxons --- Civilization, Anglo-Saxon. --- Civilization, Medieval. --- Paganism --- Elfes --- Anglo-saxons --- Civilisation anglo-saxonne --- Civilisation médiévale --- Paganisme --- Religion. --- Religion --- Civilisation médiévale --- Civilization, Pagan --- Heathenism --- Religions --- Civilization, Medieval --- Medieval civilization --- Middle Ages --- Civilization --- Chivalry --- Renaissance --- Anglo-Saxon civilization --- Fairies --- History

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This book examines the relationship between humans and nature that evolved in medieval Europe over the course of a millennium. From the beginning, people lived in nature and discovered things about it. Ancient societies bequeathed to the Middle Ages both the Bible and a pagan conception of natural history. These conflicting legacies shaped medieval European ideas about the natural order and what economic, moral and biological lessons it might teach. This book analyzes five themes found in medieval views of nature - grafting, breeding mules, original sin, property rights and disaster - to understand what some medieval people found in nature and what their assumptions and beliefs kept them from seeing.

History of civilization --- History of Europe --- anno 500-1499 --- Human ecology --- Nature --- Philosophy of nature --- Civilization, Medieval. --- Philosophy, Medieval --- Ecologie humaine --- Homme --- Philosophie de la nature --- Civilisation médiévale --- Philosophie médiévale --- History --- Effect of human beings on --- Religious aspects --- Histoire --- Influence sur la nature --- Aspect religieux --- Europe --- Civilisation médiévale --- Philosophie médiévale --- Civilization, Medieval --- Medieval civilization --- Middle Ages --- Civilization --- Chivalry --- Renaissance --- Religion and science --- Nature, Philosophy of --- Natural theology --- Ecology --- Environment, Human --- Human beings --- Human environment --- Ecological engineering --- Human geography --- Religious aspects. --- Religious interpretations --- Philosophy --- Social aspects --- Effect of environment on --- Arts and Humanities

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The dazzling culture of the troubadours - the virtuosity of their songs, the subtlety of their exploration of love, and the glamorous international careers some troubadours enjoyed - fascinated contemporaries and had a lasting influence on European life and literature. Apart from the refined love songs for which the troubadours are renowned, the tradition includes political and satirical poetry, devotional lyrics and bawdy or zany poems. It is also in the troubadour song-books that the only substantial collection of medieval lyrics by women is preserved. This book offers a general introduction to the troubadours. Its sixteen newly-commissioned essays, written by leading scholars from Britain, the US, France, Italy and Spain, trace the historical development and setting of troubadour song, engage with the main trends in troubadour criticism, and examine the reception of troubadour poetry. Appendices offer an invaluable guide to the troubadours, to technical vocabulary, to research tools and to surviving manuscripts.

Poetry --- Provençal, Occitan literature --- Troubadours. --- Provençal poetry --- Civilization, Medieval, in literature --- Courtly love in literature. --- Courtly love in music --- Love in literature. --- Provençal poetry. --- Love poetry, Provençal. --- Troubadours --- Poésie provençale --- Civilisation médiévale dans la littérature --- Amour courtois dans la littérature --- Amour dans la littérature --- Poésie d'amour provencale --- History and criticism. --- Histoire et critique --- 849.0 --- Provencaalse literatuur --- Provencal poetry --- Provençal poetry --- 849.0 Provencaalse literatuur --- Provençal poetry. --- Love poetry, Provençal. --- Poésie provençale --- Civilisation médiévale dans la littérature --- Amour courtois dans la littérature --- Amour dans la littérature --- Poésie d'amour provencale --- Jongleurs --- Troubadors --- Musicians --- Poets --- Courtly love --- Trouvères --- History and criticism --- Arts and Humanities --- Literature

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Markus's new and accessible work is the first full study of Gregory the Great since that of F. H. Dudden (1905) to deal with both Gregory's life and work as well as with his thought and spirituality. With his command of Gregory's works, Markus portrays vividly the daily problems of one of the most attractive characters of the age. Gregory's culture is described in the context of the late Roman educational background and in the context of previous patristic tradition. Markus seeks to understand Gregory as a cultivated late Roman aristocrat converted to the ascetic ideal, caught in the tension between his attraction to the monastic vocation and his episcopal ministry, at a time of catastrophic change in the Roman world. The book deals with every aspect of his pontificate: as bishop of Rome, as landlord of the Church lands, in his relations to the Empire, and to the Western Germanic kingdoms in Spain, Gaul, and, especially, his mission to the English.

Church history --- Gregory I [Pope] --- Gregory --- Gregory I, Pope --- 262.13 GREGORIUS I MAGNUS --- -Christianity --- Pausschap. Heilige Stoel. Vaticaan. Paus als soeverein--GREGORIUS I MAGNUS --- -Pausschap. Heilige Stoel. Vaticaan. Paus als soeverein--GREGORIUS I MAGNUS --- 262.13 GREGORIUS I MAGNUS Pausschap. Heilige Stoel. Vaticaan. Paus als soeverein--GREGORIUS I MAGNUS --- Gregory I, Pope. --- Civilisation médiévale --- Apostolic Church --- Christianity --- Church, Apostolic --- Early Christianity --- Early church --- Primitive and early church --- Primitive Christianity --- Fathers of the church --- Great Apostasy (Mormon doctrine) --- Grégoire, --- Gregor, --- Gregorio, --- Grēgorios --- Gregorius, --- Gregorius --- Gregory, --- Civilization, Medieval --- Eglise --- Histoire --- Primitive and early church, ca. 30-600 A.D. --- Gregory I --- Gregory - I, - Pope, - ca. 540-604. --- Church history - Primitive and early church, ca. 30-600. --- Grégoire --- Arts and Humanities --- History --- Church history - Primitive and early church, ca. 30-600 --- Gregorius Magnus p.

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Cantors made unparalleled contributions to the way time was understood and history was remembered in the medieval Latin West. The men and women who held this office in cathedrals and monasteries wereresponsible for calculating the date of Easter and the feasts dependent on it, for formulating liturgical celebrations season by season, managing the library and preparing manuscripts and other sources necessary to sustain the liturgical framework of time, and promoting the cults of saints. Crucially, their duties also often included committing the past to writing, from simple annals and chronicles to more fulsome histories, necrologies, and cartularies, thereby ensuring that towns, churches, families, and individuals could be commemorated for generations to come.
The contributions hereseek to address the fundamental question of how the range of cantors' activities can help us to understand the many different ways in which the past was written and, in the liturgy, celebrated acrossthe middle ages. Cantors, as this volume makes clear, shaped the communal experience of the past in the Middle Ages; the essays are studies of constructions, both of the building blocks of time and ofthe people who made and performed them, in acts of ritual remembrance and in written records.

Contributors: Cara Aspesi, Alison I. Beach, Katie Ann-Marie Bugyis, Margot E. Fassler, David Ganz, James Grier, Paul Antony Hayward, A.B. Kraebel, Lori Kruckenberg, Rosamond McKitterick, Henry Parkes, Susan Rankin, C.C. Rozier, Sigbjoryn Olsen Sonnesyn, Teresa Webber, Lauren Whitnah,

Church history --- Church music --- Civilization, Medieval --- Pastoral music (Sacred) --- Religious music --- Sacred vocal music --- Devotional exercises --- Liturgics --- Music --- Music in churches --- Psalmody --- History and criticism --- Religious aspects --- Christianity --- Cantors (Church music) --- Chantres --- Eglise --- Musique d'église --- Civilisation médiévale --- Histoire --- Musique d'église --- Civilisation médiévale --- Church history -- Middle Ages --- Historiography --- Middle Ages --- Catholic Church --- History --- Katholische Kirche --- 500-1500 --- Church musicians --- Historical criticism --- Authorship --- Criticism --- Katolikus Egyház --- RCC --- Katoličeskaj Cerkovʹ --- Katoličke Cerkve --- Katolska Cyrkej --- Katolske Kirke --- Ecclesia Catholica --- Igreja Católica --- Römisch-Katholische Kirche --- Katholikē Ekklēsia --- Roman Catholic Church --- Eglise Catholique --- Eglise Catholique Romaine --- Chiesa Cattolica --- Katholieke Kerk --- Iglesia Católica --- Katolické Církve --- Kościoł Katolicki --- Katoličke Crkve --- Eglise catholique romaine --- Chiesa cattolica romana --- Roman catholic Church --- Eglise catholique --- Römische Kirche --- Kirche --- Katholizismus --- Unierte Ostkirchen --- Medieval Period --- Christian church history --- History of Europe --- anno 500-1499 --- Cantors. --- Catholic Church. --- Christianity. --- Church History. --- Church music. --- Divine Office. --- Historiography. --- Liturgy. --- Medieval Europe. --- Medieval Latin West. --- Middle Ages. --- Necrologies. --- Prayer. --- Religion. --- Ritual Remembrance. --- Sacred song. --- Saint.