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Methods in social research (general) --- Social sciences --- -Behavioral sciences --- Human sciences --- Sciences, Social --- Social science --- Social studies --- Civilization --- Research --- Theses --- Research. --- -Research --- -Civilization --- Behavioral sciences --- Social science research

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Early childhood care and education has become a key issue in social science as well as in politics. In many countries, different actors increasingly use early childhood programs to tackle a variety of societal challenges. The studies collected in this book contribute theoretical and empirical dimensions to a body of research that has neglected a number of questions to date. They analyze (1) the effects of early childhood care and education on the development of children from different social backgrounds, (2) sociocultural disparities in the use of childcare services, (3) the history of childcare in France and the United States of America since the creation of the first formal daycare facilities, and (4) the interplay of desire for linguistic proficiency, acquisition of language, and educational processes in early childhood (this study is published in German). By examining different phenomena using various methodologies, these studies add pedagogical, sociological, and historical perspectives to the scholarly discourse on early childhood care and education.     Contents ·        Equality of opportunity in view of social inequalities ·        New contributions to early childhood care and education research ·        Effects of early childhood care and education programs on intellectual development ·        History of childcare in France and in the United States ·        Desire, language, and education in early childhood ·        Multiple methodical approaches ·        Implications for practice and research     Target groups ·        Researchers and students in educational science, sociology, and history   Author Dr. Kaspar Burger is lecturer and researcher in education and developmental psychology at the University Institute Kurt Bösch in Sion, Switzerland.

Child care. --- Early childhood education. --- Social Sciences --- Social Sciences - General --- Care of children --- Childcare --- Children --- Care --- Care and hygiene --- Social sciences. --- Social Sciences. --- Social Sciences, general. --- Education --- Behavioral sciences --- Human sciences --- Sciences, Social --- Social science --- Social studies --- Civilization

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The aim of this book is to track a distinct human phenomenon in the history of the ancient Near East: persons who were born males, but under various social and historical circumstances their masculine identity was considered to be ambiguous. On the basis of this, these persons can be classified as belonging to a third gender They bore specific titles, and were engaged in cult or palace administration. The contexts of their documentation occasionally depict them as possessing or exhibiting traits that were uncharacteristic of the standard social expectations of men in Mesopotamia. The terms that describe these persons were grouped in numerous lexical lists, which supply us with the frame and boundaries of the present research. To a lesser extent, the grouping of these persons is apparent in narrative and literary compositions. The most notable of these titles were gala / kalû, assinnu, kurgarrû and lú-sag / ša rēši. Other similar titles that were documented less frequently were kulu'u, girseqû, tīru, SAG-UR-SAG, pilpilû, nāš pilaqqi, sinnišānu and parû. Their sexual and gender ambiguity was realized in numerous and diverse manners. Occasionally, it bore a clear physiological form, in the shape of castration; sometimes its attributes were external, such as cross-dressing; In other cases, it became apparent through typically feminine behavioral patterns, such as dancing, singing or lamenting. Last but not least, lack of procreativity constituted another form of gender ambiguity, as it contradicted one of the most important gender functionalities of people in the ancient Near East: the siring of offspring. Hence, the common denominator of all these figures appears to have been flawed manliness. Effeminacy was not necessarily the key factor in this case, as some of these figures seem to have been rather masculine. It was sufficient that these persons deviated enough from the customary model of ancient Near Eastern masculinity, in order to be considered as part of this third gender class. The concepts of social "otherness" are essential for demarcating social borders, which, in turn, define patterns of normative social conduct. The present research demonstrated that this human phenomenon of a third gender in the ancient Near East involved mainly the matter of social definitions. Social identity is defined by its limitations: where it begins and ends, and what exists beyond it. The strange, the extreme and the bizarre signify what common, hegemonic, people are not, and therefore mark who common, hegemonic, people actually are. These boundaries are constructed by using social mechanisms of norms and prohibitions. In this sense, the third gender figures were socially constructed, and served social needs of defining norms of conformity.

Extinct languages --- Language and sex --- Sex --- Gender identity --- Sex role --- Masculinity --- Langues mortes --- Langage et sexualité --- Sexualité --- Identité sexuelle --- Rôle selon le sexe --- Masculinité --- Sex differences --- History --- Différences entre sexes --- Histoire --- History. --- Langage et sexualité --- Sexualité --- Identité sexuelle --- Rôle selon le sexe --- Masculinité --- Différences entre sexes --- History / Asia --- Social Science / Gender Studies --- Literary Collections / Ancient & Classical --- Philosophy / History & Surveys

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Multivariate analysis --- Nonlinear theories --- Social sciences --- -Behavioral sciences --- Human sciences --- Sciences, Social --- Social science --- Social studies --- Civilization --- Nonlinear problems --- Nonlinearity (Mathematics) --- Calculus --- Mathematical analysis --- Mathematical physics --- Multivariate distributions --- Multivariate statistical analysis --- Statistical analysis, Multivariate --- Analysis of variance --- Mathematical statistics --- Matrices --- Statistical methods --- -Statistical methods --- Algèbre abstraite

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#SBIB:303H12 --- #SBIB:303H14 --- Methoden en technieken: sociale wetenschappen --- Methoden en technieken van de communicatiewetenschap --- Theses --- Communication --- Education --- Social sciences --- Research --- Methodology. --- Behavioral sciences --- Human sciences --- Sciences, Social --- Social science --- Social studies --- Civilization --- Children --- Education, Primitive --- Education of children --- Human resource development --- Instruction --- Pedagogy --- Schooling --- Students --- Youth --- Learning and scholarship --- Mental discipline --- Schools --- Teaching --- Training --- Communication, Primitive --- Mass communication --- Sociology --- Research&delete& --- Methodology