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L'objectif initial de ce mémoire est de mettre en parallèle l'appropriation de l'héritage culturel chinois par le Parti communiste et les enjeux de la cause environnementale. La première partie qui compose ce mémoire a, dans un premier temps, pour objectif de favoriser la compréhension de l'importance de certains concepts traditionnels chinois. La seconde partie a pour démarche principale de faire comprendre l'importance de la question environnementale en Chine, mais aussi la façon dont le gouvernement chinois entend régler la question en utilisant la culture millénaire dont il a hérité.
Chine --- Environnement --- Valeurs et traditions --- Arts & sciences humaines > Littérature
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Witchcraft --- Superstition --- Theses --- Black art (Witchcraft) --- Sorcery --- Occultism --- Wicca --- Folk beliefs --- Traditions --- Folklore --- Religion --- Gagnef (Sweden) --- Gagnefs kommun (Sweden) --- History --- Witchcraft - Sweden - Gagnef. --- Superstition - Sweden - Gagnef.
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Archival resources --- -Folklore --- -Folk beliefs --- Folk-lore --- Traditions --- Ethnology --- Manners and customs --- Material culture --- Mythology --- Oral tradition --- Storytelling --- Archives --- Information resources --- Research --- -Archival resources --- -Research --- Folklore --- Folk beliefs
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Les forêts denses humides d’Afrique centrale contribuent de près ou de loin à la viabilité de chaque être-vivant sur cette planète. Ces écosystèmes jouent un rôle crucial dans la régulation du cycle de l’eau, la conservation de la biodiversité, ou encore l’atténuation des effets indésirables du changement climatique. En outre, ces espaces forestiers riches et diversifiés constituent le lieu de vie de sociétés humaines depuis des millénaires. De nombreux produits forestiers ligneux et non-ligneux sont indispensables dans l’assouvissement de leurs besoins essentiels tels que l’alimentation, l’habitat, la santé et la culture. Ce travail de fin d’études a pour objectifs de quantifier les services écosystémiques culturels et les services d’approvisionnement en bois-énergie et en bois de construction fournis par les forêts du Sud-Est du Cameroun aux populations locales. Trois villages au Sud-Est du Cameroun (Malen I, Mintoum, Eschiambor) ont été étudiés. Ils sont situés dans des configurations contrastées par rapport aux affectations des terres forestières en usage au Cameroun. Le premier village (Malen I) est exempt d’exploitation forestière au vu de sa situation à l’intérieur d’une aire protégée (Réserve de Biosphère du Dja). Les deux autres sont situés au sein de forêts communautaires, gérées exclusivement par les communautés villageoises : Mintoum est situé entre une concession forestière certifiée FSC et une aire protégée (Réserve de Biosphère du Dja), tandis qu’Eschiambor se situe en bordure d’UFA certifiées et non-certifiées. Ces différentes zones présentent des modes de gestion contrastés ainsi qu’une pression anthropique variable. La qualité des services écosystémiques offerts par la forêt aux populations mérite donc d’être comparée au sein de ces différentes affectations. L’importance de l’approvisionnement en bois-énergie et en bois de construction a été analysée dans chacun de ces villages. Différents lieux de collecte de bois-énergie ont été cartographiés au sein du finage. A l’aide de méthodes d’évaluations sociales et biophysiques, les quantités et les habitudes relatives à l’utilisation de ces deux ressources ligneuses ont été évaluées. Les quantités de bois utilisées par 55 ménages témoins ont été quantifiées durant une période de 10 à 12 semaines de suivi journalier. Sur le plan culturel, l’étude s’intéresse, à l’aide d’entretiens semi-dirigés, aux services écosystémiques culturels fournis par les forêts à ces communautés villageoises. Les services étudiés sont le patrimoine culturel (rites et les traditions), la relaxation et l’éducation. Les différents lieux d’intérêt recensés ont été spatialisés au sein des finages villageois. S’il est vrai que l’étendue de la zone agricole au sein du finage constitue l’un des facteurs de la déforestation dans ces zones, les quantités de bois utilisées dans les trois villages étudiés montrent quant à elles que les prélèvements domestiques sont minimes. Des différences en termes d’habitation ont également été relevées entre les villages gérant une forêt communautaire et celui situé dans l’aire protégée. L’accès aux essences commerciales débitées par les scies mobiles de la communauté facilite l’accès à la ressource ligneuse pour les habitants d’une forêt communautaire. Les volumes de bois utilisés y sont donc plus importants que dans les zones où l’exploitation y est absente. En termes d’essences utilisées pour les poteaux de construction, des similitudes ont été constatées entre les différentes ethnies étudiées. L’étude montre également que l’importance culturelle de la forêt n’est pas particulièrement liée à l’isolement d’une communauté humaine. En effet, les habitants du village situé à l’intérieur de la Réserve de Biosphère du Dja ont perdu l’ensemble de leurs traditions culturelles, bien que ce village soit le plus enclavé et isolé des axes de communication. La perception de l’importance et de l’existence de ces services varie plutôt selon des critères intrinsèques à la condition individuelle, tels que l’âge, le genre, les sources de revenus et l’origine ethnique. Quantification of the cultural ecosystem services and wood-energy and timber supply provided by the south-eastern forests of Cameroon to local populations: The dense humid forests of Central Africa contribute in some way to the viability of every living being on this planet. These ecosystems play a crucial role in regulating the water cycle, conserving biodiversity and mitigating the adverse effects of climate change. Moreover, these rich and diverse forest areas have been home to human societies for thousands of years. Many wood and non-timber forest products are essential in meeting their basic needs such as food, shelter, health and cultivation. This end-of-studies work aims to quantify the cultural ecosystem services and wood energy and timber supply services provided by the forests of south-eastern Cameroon to local populations. Three villages in southeast Cameroon (Malen I, Mintoum, Eschiambor) were studied. They are located in contrasting configurations to forest land uses. The first village (Malen I) is free from logging due to its location within a protected area (Dja Biosphere Reserve). The other two are located within community forests, managed exclusively by village communities: Mintoum is located between an FSC certified forest concession and a protected area (Dja Biosphere Reserve), while Eschiambor is located on the edge of certified and non-certified FMUs. These different zones present contrasting management methods as well as variable anthropic pressure. The quality of ecosystem services provided by forests to people therefore deserves to be compared within these different uses. The importance of wood energy and timber supply was analysed in each of these villages. Various wood-energy collection sites have been mapped within the village territory. Using social and biophysical assessment methods, the quantities and patterns of use of these two wood resources were assessed. The quantities of wood used by 55 control households were quantified during a period of 10 to 12 weeks of daily monitoring. At the cultural level, the study focuses, through semi-structured interviews, on the cultural ecosystem services provided by forests to these village communities. The services studied are cultural heritage (rites and traditions), relaxation and education. The various places of interest identified were spatialized within the village territory. While it is true that the extent of the agricultural zone within the village territory is one of the factors of deforestation in these zones, the quantities of wood used in the three villages studied show that domestic removals are minimal. Habitat differences were also noted between villages managing a community forest and one located in the protected area. Access to commercial species cut by mobile saws in the community facilitates access to the wood resource for the inhabitants of a community forest. The volumes of wood used are therefore greater than in areas where logging is absent. In terms of the species used for construction poles, similarities were observed between the different ethnic groups studied. The study also shows that the cultural importance of the forest is not particularly related to the isolation of a human community. Indeed, the inhabitants of the village located inside the Dja Biosphere Reserve have lost all their cultural traditions, although this village is the most isolated and isolated of the communication axes. Rather, the perception of the importance and existence of these services varies according to criteria intrinsic to individual condition, such as age, gender, sources of income and ethnic origin.
Services écosystémiques, Bois de construction, Bois-énergie, Patrimoine culturel, Rites, Traditions, Finage villageois, Méthodes d’évaluations sociales et biophysiques, Cartographie participative, Entretiens semi-dirigés --- Ecosystem services, Construction timber, Wood energy, Cultural heritage, Rites, Traditions, Village finishing, Social and biophysical assessment methods, Participatory mapping, Semi-directed interviews --- Sciences du vivant > Sciences de l'environnement & écologie
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Tourism. --- Culture and tourism. --- Folklore. --- Folklore --- Tourism --- Culture and tourism --- Ethnotourism --- Tourism and culture --- Holiday industry --- Operators, Tour (Industry) --- Tour operators (Industry) --- Tourism industry --- Tourism operators (Industry) --- Tourist industry --- Tourist trade --- Tourist traffic --- Travel industry --- Visitor industry --- Service industries --- National tourism organizations --- Travel --- Folk beliefs --- Folk-lore --- Traditions --- Ethnology --- Manners and customs --- Material culture --- Mythology --- Oral tradition --- Storytelling --- Economic aspects --- Theses
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Superstition --- Magic --- Canon law --- Superstitions --- Magie --- Droit canonique --- History --- Histoire --- Heresy (Canon law) --- History of doctrines --- Religious aspects --- Catholic Church --- 398.4 --- Bovennatuurlijke verschijnselen. Geesten spoken. Bovenzinnelijke wereld. Bijgeloof --- 398.4 Bovennatuurlijke verschijnselen. Geesten spoken. Bovenzinnelijke wereld. Bijgeloof --- Folk beliefs --- Traditions --- Folklore --- Religion --- Magick --- Necromancy --- Sorcery --- Spells --- Occultism --- Superstition - History of doctrines - Middle Ages, 600-1500 --- Superstition - Religious aspects - Catholic Church - History of doctrines - Middle Ages, 600-1500 --- Magic - Religious aspects - Catholic Church - History of doctrines - Middle Ages, 600-1500 --- Canon law - History
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#SBIB:39A73 --- Epic poetry, African --- Legends --- -Mandingo (African people) --- -Mandingo poetry --- Mandingo literature --- Malinke (African people) --- Mandé (African people) --- Manding (African people) --- Mandingue (African people) --- Mandinka (African people) --- Mandino (African people) --- Maninka (African people) --- Maninkaalu (African people) --- Soce (African people) --- Sosse (African people) --- Ethnology --- Folk tales --- Traditions --- Urban legends --- Folklore --- African epic poetry --- African poetry --- Etnografie: Afrika --- History --- Keita, Soundiata --- -Legends --- Theses --- Epic poetry, African. --- Mandingo (African people) --- Mandingo poetry. --- Folklore. --- History. --- Mandingo poetry --- Keita, Soundiata, --- Keïta, Soundjata, --- Keïta, Sundjata, --- Kei̕ta, Sunjata, --- Keyta, Son-Jara, --- Mari Diata, --- Son-Jara, --- Soun Diata, --- Soun Diata --- Soundiata, --- Soundjata, --- Soundjata Keïta, --- Sundiata, --- Sundjata, --- Sunjata, --- Sunjata Kei̕ta, --- Legends. --- Keita, Soundyata, --- Soundyata Keita,
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Civilization, Medieval. --- Rites and ceremonies, Medieval. --- Rites and ceremonies --- History --- History of civilization --- Mass communications --- anno 900-999 --- anno 800-899 --- Europe --- Kings and rulers [Medieval ] --- Kings and rulers in literature --- Politiek --- Rituelen --- Media --- Middeleeuwen --- Geschiedenis --- Civilization, Medieval --- Rites and ceremonies, Medieval --- #GGSB: Geschiedenis (Moderne Tijd) --- 930.85.42 --- 930.85.42 Cultuurgeschiedenis: Middeleeuwen --- Cultuurgeschiedenis: Middeleeuwen --- Ceremonies --- Cult --- Cultus --- Ecclesiastical rites and ceremonies --- Religious ceremonies --- Religious rites --- Rites of passage --- Traditions --- Ritualism --- Manners and customs --- Mysteries, Religious --- Ritual --- Medieval rites and ceremonies --- Medieval civilization --- Middle Ages --- Civilization --- Chivalry --- Renaissance --- Ritueel --- Geneeskunde --- Techniek (wetenschap) --- Atlas --- Museum --- Maatschappij --- Film --- Geschiedenis (Moderne Tijd)
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This latest work from Japanese-born anthropologist Takie Sugiyama Lebra is the first ethnographic study of the modern Japanese aristocracy. Established as a class at the beginning of the Meiji period, the kazoku ranked directly below the emperor and his family. Officially dissolved in 1947, this group of social elites is still generally perceived as nobility. Lebra gained entry into this tightly knit circle and conducted more than one hundred interviews with its members. She has woven together a reconstructive ethnography from their life histories to create an intimate portrait of a remote and archaic world.As Lebra explores the culture of the kazoku, she places each subject in its historical context. She analyzes the evolution of status boundaries and the indispensable role played by outsiders.But this book is not simply about the elite. It is also about commoners and how each stratum mirrors the other. Revealing previously unobserved complexities in Japanese society, it also sheds light on the universal problem of social stratification.
Nobility --- Japan --- Social life and customs --- Manners and customs --- J4201 --- J4000.70 --- Ceremonies --- Customs, Social --- Folkways --- Social customs --- Traditions --- Usages --- Civilization --- Ethnology --- Etiquette --- Rites and ceremonies --- Japan: Sociology and anthropology -- communities -- social classes and groups -- upper class, elite --- Japan: Social history, history of civilization -- Kindai (1850s- ), bakumatsu, Meiji, Taishō --- E-books --- Noblesse --- Japon --- Moeurs et coutumes --- 1940s. --- academic. --- anthropologist. --- anthropology. --- class structure. --- classism. --- cultural context. --- cultural. --- elite. --- ethnographic. --- ethnography. --- high class. --- historical context. --- interviews. --- japanese anthropology. --- japanese aristocracy. --- japanese culture. --- japanese history. --- japanese nobility. --- japanese society. --- kazoku. --- life story. --- meji period. --- modern japan. --- nobility. --- scholarly. --- social stratification. --- social structure. --- social studies. --- true story. --- world history.
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292.2 --- Evocation --- Latin literature --- -Rites and ceremonies --- -War --- -Armed conflict (War) --- Conflict, Armed (War) --- Fighting --- Hostilities --- Wars --- International relations --- Military art and science --- Peace --- Ceremonies --- Cult --- Cultus --- Ecclesiastical rites and ceremonies --- Religious ceremonies --- Religious rites --- Rites of passage --- Traditions --- Ritualism --- Manners and customs --- Mysteries, Religious --- Ritual --- Roman literature --- Classical literature --- Classical philology --- Latin philology --- Religion --- Rites and ceremonies --- Godsdiensten van de Romeinen --- History and criticism --- Religious aspects --- Rome --- History --- -Historiography. --- In literature. --- Evocation. --- War --- History and criticism. --- Religious aspects. --- -Godsdiensten van de Romeinen --- 292.2 Godsdiensten van de Romeinen --- -292.2 Godsdiensten van de Romeinen --- Armed conflict (War) --- War (in religion, folk-lore, etc.) --- War and religion --- Rim --- Roman Empire --- Roman Republic (510-30 B.C.) --- Romi (Empire) --- Byzantine Empire --- Rome (Italy) --- Historiography. --- Republic, 510-30 B.C. --- Militarism
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